Thursday 29 June 2017

Chamberlain NUR 508 Complete Course - New June 2017

TO PURCHASE THIS COMPLETE COURSE 


CONTACT US AT WHISPERHILLS@GMAIL.COM



Chamberlain NUR 508 ALL Weeks Discussions – Latest 2017

Chamberlain NUR 508 Week 1 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June DQ1
What were the major causes of U.S. mortality in the last 100 years, and what public health measures most contributed to improvements in the health of the nation? Include at least two source citations from the readings and/or additional sources to support your answer.

DQ 2
What are the major causes of disease and death in the 21st century (e.g., chronic illnesses, communicable diseases, etc.) that continue to affect U.S. citizens in spite of the achievements in public health in the past century? What have been some of the strategies implemented to combat these illnesses on the local and national levels? Have they been successful? Include reference citations where appropriate. 


Chamberlain  NUR 508 Week 2 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June
DQ 1
Select one of the United Nations' (U.N.) Millennial Development Goals (MDGs). Visit the website and report on the UN's progress in achieving this goal? How will meeting this goal positively impact the health of the world? What suggestions would you make to help the UN achieve this goal?

DQ
 2 Select a global health issue from the World Health Organization (WHO) list of health topics available at http://www.who.int/topics/en/ How has globalization influenced this issue from a positive or negative perspective?


Chamberlain  NUR 508 Week 3 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June DQ 1
Debate the various social factors associated with the situation of the "underinsured." Respond to two other classmates' answers with solid reasoning and support your opinions with appropriate reference citations.
DQ 2 Review the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report "Priority Populations": http://www.ahrq.gov/health-care-information/priority-populations/index.html Select one of the "priority populations" and explain the disparities this population faces. What strategies have been implemented to combat these disparities on the local and national levels? Have they been successful? Include reference citations where appropriate. 


Chamberlain NUR 508 Week 4 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June
DQ 1 Debate the efficacies of public versus private-based quality initiatives. What roles do each play in the quality of U.S. health care? How would the elimination of one aspect affect the other? Respond to two other classmates and counter their answer, citing references as appropriate.
DQ 2 After reading the Kaiser Family Foundation summary on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, state why or why not you believe the act should remain in law, or which pieces should be reversed. Then describe two pieces of the act that you were unaware was part of the act and how that may affect you as a citizen.


Chamberlain  NUR 508 Week 5 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June
DQ 1 What are the eligibility requirements and coverage of Medicaid for the categories of low-income adults, pregnant women, and the aging/blind/disabled in the state where you live? Do you consider the eligibility requirements reasonable or restrictive? Do you consider the coverage reasonable or liberal? What are the benefits and drawbacks to keeping these populations insured through Medicaid? Consider both direct and indirect factors.
DQ2
 Review the CMS.gov 30-Day Mortality and Readmission Data website. Review at least two local hospitals and see how they compare to state and national benchmarks. How and why may a consumer or a health care professional use this data to make decision about their next hospitalization? Will reporting this data have an impact on hospitals bottom line in addition to financial penalties from CMS? Give at least two examples of how this data may be used and what type of impact if may have if at all on the hospitals.


Chamberlain NUR 508 Week 6 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June
DQ 1 Debate the question: "Is health care a basic right in the United States?" Answer this question through the lens of your role as RN. Support your response utilizing ethical theories and principles. Respond to two other classmates using respectful communication and solid reasoning. Support your response with appropriate references.
DQ 2
Select an ethical dilemma related to health policy from the categories of moral values, professional regulation, health of individuals in society, or distributive justice. What are the controversies surrounding this issue? What are the opposing ethical principles? How has past or current health policy addressed this dilemma? Support your reasoning with reference citations. 


Chamberlain NUR 508 Week 7 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June
DQ 1 How do spiritual beliefs impact political ideologies and the policy process? How have they affected the health policy reform process? Using respectful communication, debate your response with two other classmates. Give examples and support your reasoning with appropriate references.
DQ 2 What is the role of a religious ethic in public policy today? Should a religious ethic or theistic worldview take priority over that of others? How can religious policy decision makers remain true to their personal values while respecting the views of individuals with differing cultural and spiritual beliefs? Respond to two other classmates and cite references as appropriate.

Chamberlain NUR 508 Week 8 Discussion 1 & 2 Latest 2017 June DQ 1
Select an advanced professional or advanced practice nursing specialty. How has past and current regulation/legislation affected the role and scope of this nursing role? What, if any, discussions are currently underway relative to the scope and role of this specialty? What resources are available to assist nurses in advocating for these roles?
DQ 2
Select a professional or specialty nursing association. What impact has this organization had on health care legislation in the past 2 years? Respond to two other classmates and support your answer with appropriate references and specific examples. 


CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 3 CLC - Health Issue Analysis Part 1 Latest 2017 June



Details: This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words that describes the history of the identified health issue. Include the following:
Influences such as determinants of health and socioeconomic status.
 Past and present initiatives to address the issue.
Outcome indicators that have been developed and utilized to measure progress on the issue.
The current status of the issue based on measured outcomes.
Refer to "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract and conclusion are not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. 



 CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 4 CLC - Health Issue Analysis Part 2 Latest 2017 June



This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.


In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words that describes the national and international implications of the selected health issue. Include the following:

1.Scope and depth of the problem.
2. Countries that are faring better or worse than others.

3. How the United States ranks on this issue in relation to other countries.

4. Efforts of the World Health Organization and other agencies on this issue.

5. Existing disparities (include race, age, and gender, as appropriate) in relation to the issue: Describe the populations that have emerged as being disadvantaged and why.

Refer to "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.


CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 2 CLC - Health Issue Analysis Assignment Latest 2017 June

 

 

Details: This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

Initiate a conversation among the members of your Collaborative Learning Community regarding potential topics of interest. This should be a health issue with national and international relevance that will be the basis for your ongoing project. It may be helpful to identify a number of topics of interest and have individual group members do a quick survey of the literature to be sure that current information is available.

Refer to "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

Revise "CLC Group Project Agreement" to include the choice of the identified topic in the title and resubmit the agreement.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. (A brief paragraph is sufficient to identify the health issue for the group's analysis.) 




CHAMBERLAIN NUR 508 Week 2 Benchmark Assignment - Nursing Leadership Health Policy Paper

 

 

The IOM Future of Nursing report calls for an increase in leadership from nurses at all levels. One way nurses demonstrate their role as a leader, is through public policy change. A leader does not always carry an official title or position, but demonstrates leadership through the work and the stance the leader takes to make a change for the good of others. Nurses have been noted by the Gallop poll year after year as the most trusted professionals.


This assignment requires thought about a public policy that is needed or needs to be changed that relates to nursing, health care, or the public. Policy changes can occur by working with members of your legislature, and state or national nurses associations, to introduce a new bill and/or change to a current law in your state or federal government.

Examples of public policy includes any component of the current legislation governing health care, Medicare Part D, Medicaid, nursing regulation, medication technicians, etc.
 In 750-1,000 words, propose a health policy change (that is currently a bill, a law, or may not exist at all) at the state or federal level that you believe needs to change and why.

1.The policy must not be a clinical care policy for individual care. The policy involved may include public or community health, legislative or regulatory, professional organization (nursing-oriented), advanced nursing practice, health plan, or hospital plan.
2.Include a specific section for the exact wording for the bill or change in wording of the law.
3.Include the plan for the implementation of your policy development, to lobbying for passage, to next steps after passage.
4.Discuss who would be the champion for the bill/law change from your state advocates (legislators, federal legislators, local or national state nursing organizations). Are these individuals also influential in making changes occur? Did you vote for the individual in office that you want to help you make this change?

Resources:
1.Review different pieces of legislation for ideas on wording.
2.Visit your state’s legislative governmental affairs website site to understand the process your policy change could take if you wanted to introduce to into legislation.

Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.


CHAMBERLAIN


Details:

This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

1.Check into your respective Collaborative Learning Community and provide contact information. Describe your prior experience with health policy.

2. Read "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

3.Read "CLC Group Project Agreement."

4.Transfer "CLC Group Project Agreement" to your CLC team space, come to a consensus on team responsibilities, and complete one copy of the form.

APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected. You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.



NUR 508 CLC Group Project Agreement CLC Group Values (What do we need to do to ensure our team’s success?)

What Each Team Member Agrees to Do Why This Is Important to the Team Check into the CLC regularly to review progress on the assignment. Contribute ideas and feedback to the group from initial discussions throughout project completion. Communicate with all CLC members as soon as a problem or issue arises. Maintain respectful communications with all team members. Complete assigned tasks by the deadlines set by the CLC members. Take a leadership role in CLC assignments. Make sure to cite and reference all sources of information used in completing tasks. Other: Other: Project Management Specifics  (What needs to be undertaken to complete the CLC project?) CLC Group Member’s Name Task to be Completed by This Team Member (This section will change for each CLC Project.) Due Date for Completing the Task for the CLC to Review Contributing one or more ideas for how the project should be completed. Outlining the CLC project. Assigning tasks to CLC members. Performing research on assigned topics and writing it up for CLC members to review. Making sure everyone meets their assigned deadlines for tasks. Proofreading and editing the paper. Submitting the paper via the Assignments feature by the due date deadline. Other: Other: CLC Group Interaction Guidelines (How can we anticipate and deal with group conflict when it arises?) What Could Happen To Impede Our Teamwork? What We Will Do if This Happens? A CLC member doesn’t provide project ideas or feedback to other team members. A CLC member doesn’t complete his/her task at all. A CLC member completes his/her task, but turns it in after the agreed-upon due date. Other: Other: CLC Group Review Process  (What makes a CLC effective?) What did Our CLC Do Well This Time? (This section will change for each CLC Project.) What Can We Do to be a More Effective CLC Next Time? (This section will change for each CLC Project.) 




CHAMBERLAIN NUR 508 Week 5 Cost and Quality Analysis Latest 2017 June

 

 

In a paper of 500-1,000 words, describe the relationship between health care cost and quality. Address the following

1.Select one public agency and one private agency and differentiate their roles and major activities in addressing cost and quality in health care. See Topic 4 readings for sources regarding health care agencies.

2. Analyze current and projected initiatives to improve quality while simultaneously controlling costs. Describe any unintended consequences.

3. Synthesize implications for staff nurses and advanced practice nurses, including evidence-based practice, relative to cost and quality.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center



CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 5 CLC - Health Issue Analysis Part 3 Latest 2017 June

 

 

This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

 

In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words that includes the following in addressing the health issue:

 

1.Discuss past and present funding for initiatives that address the health issue. Include both public and private sources.

 

2.Analyze past and present quality initiatives that address the health issue. Include both public and private sources.

 

3.Differentiate how being insured versus uninsured impacts health outcomes relative to this issue.

 

4.Compare health outcomes for the issue between the United States and a country with universal health coverage.

 

Refer to "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

 

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.



CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 7 Health Policy Values Latest 2017 June

 

Write a paper of 750-1,000 words examining your personal values and beliefs. Include the following:

1.Describe your personal values and spiritual beliefs.

 

2.Using the elements of cost, quality, and social issues to frame your description, differentiate your beliefs and opinions about health care policy. Give examples of relevant ethical principles, supported by your values.

3.Analyze how factors such as your upbringing, spiritual or religious beliefs/doctrine, personal and professional experiences, and political ideology affect your current perspective on health care policy.

 

4.Examine any inconsistencies you discovered relative to the alignment of your personal values and beliefs with those concerning health policy. Discuss what insights this has given you.

 

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.





CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 7 CLC - Health Issue Analysis Part 5 Latest 2017 June

 

This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

 

 

In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:

 

1.Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue.

2.Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue.

3.Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue–either negatively or positively.

 

4. Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world.

 

Refer to "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

 

 Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not required.


 

CHAMBERLAIN NUR508 Week 8 CLC - Health Issue Analysis Part 6 Latest 2017 June

 

This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:


1.Assess the past and present impact nurses, including advanced professional/advanced practice nurses, have made in addressing this health issue.

2.Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue. Include resources available

3.Hypothesize how nurses can positively impact future outcomes related to the provision of care for persons affected by the health issue.

4. Synthesize all aspects of the health care issue through a summary conclusion, concisely tying up Parts 1-6 of the CLC - Health Issue Analysis


Refer to "CLC Health Issue Analysis Overview."

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract and an introduction are not required.




Tuesday 20 June 2017

WGU C200 TASK 1 - NEW 2017

TO PURCHASE THIS TASK CONTACT US AT

WHISPERHILLS@GMAIL.COM

MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS & LEADING PEOPLE
Competency 3018.1.1: Practice of Management ­ The graduate explains the theoretical
bases, current knowledge, best practices, and trends related to the practice of management.
Competency 3018.1.3: Sustaining Business Performance ­ The graduate applies
management and leadership theories for long­term global­business success.
Competency 3018.1.4: Organizational Performance Methods ­ The graduate analyzes
appropriate methods to improve organizational performance.
Introduction:
For this task, you will write a 10­16 page paper on an existing organization with which you
have had personal experience. The organization can be a business or a nonprofit, and you
may represent any level of the organization (e.g., team, division, whole) in your analysis.
Your description of the organization should convey personal experience, rather than
information gained from secondhand sources or media coverage. For this task, you will first
describe the chosen organization and will then perform a SWOT analysis on that organization.
You will then analyze that organization’s leadership.
Note: Any information that would be considered confidential, proprietary, or personal in
nature should not be included in the actual task submission to WGU. Do not include the actual
names of people, suppliers, the organization(s), or other identifiable information. Fictional
names should be used. Also, organization­specific data, including financial information, should
not be included but should be addressed in a general fashion as appropriate. Work performed
for a client or an employer is their property and should not be used without written
permission.
Requirements:
A. Describe your chosen organization by doing the following:
Note: The organization must be an existing organization; one that is currently in operation.
1. Describe an existing organization and its objective(s).
2. Describe three leadership practices of the current primary leader of the
existing organization.
3. Discuss how the current leadership has affected organizational culture.
B. Conduct a SWOT analysis evaluating the chosen organization by doing the following:
Note: In your evaluation, consider the effects that communication practices, technology,
ethics, and globalization have on your organization.
1. Evaluate two of the organization’s strengths.
2. Evaluate two of the organization’s weaknesses.
3. Evaluate two of the organization’s opportunities.
4. Evaluate two of the organization’s threats.
Note: Opportunities and threats must be current and not already met, or resolved.
C. Conduct a leadership evaluation of the current primary leader described in part A2 by
doing the following:
Note: As part of your evaluation, you will need to use one scholarly leadership theory and
three scholarly sources.
1. Evaluate three strengths of the current primary leader’s leadership practices using a
scholarly leadership theory.
2. Evaluate three weaknesses of the current primary leader’s leadership practices using
the same scholarly leadership theory you used in part C1.
3. Recommend three theory­based practices to maximize the future success of the
current leader and the organization, using the same scholarly leadership theory you
used in part C1.
Note: All theories must be supported.
4. Include at least three scholarly sources to support your analysis of the primary
leader’s practices.
Note: A scholarly source could be a reputable journal, a published book, any source from a
university faculty member, or business leader. Scholarly sources also include any article or
book in the online WGU library.
D. When you use sources, include all in­text citations and references in APA format.
Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the Rubric Terms web link
included in the Evaluation Procedures section.
Note: When using sources to support ideas and elements in an assessment, the submission
MUST include APA formatted in­text citations with a corresponding reference list for any direct
quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted if they have not
been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the assessment.
Note: No more than a combined total of 30% of a submission can be directly quoted or closely
paraphrased from outside sources, even if cited correctly. For tips on using APA style, please
refer to the APA Handout web link included in the APA Guidelines section.

WGU C200 TASK 2 – NEW 2017

TO PURCHASE THIS TASK CONTACT US AT

WHISPERHILLS@GMAIL.COM


MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS & LEADING PEOPLE

Competency 3018.1.2: Theories of Leadership ­ The graduate uses contemporary theories
of leadership to develop personal leadership skills based on a personal leadership philosophy.
Introduction:
For this task, you will conduct an evaluation of your personal leadership style. You will write a
6­10 page paper evaluating your own leadership practices using a scholarly leadership theory
that is different from the one you used in task 1. To help you refine your own leadership
skills, you will develop at least two SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and
timely) goals as part of your evaluation.
Requirements:
A. Conduct a leadership evaluation of your own leadership by doing the following:
1. Provide a completed copy of the attached “Seven Habits Profile.”
Note: You will be required to attach a completed copy of the “Seven Habits Profile” to
the task submission. The attachment may be a scanned document or photo.
a. Reflect on the results of your Seven Habits Profile, including what those results
might indicate about your leadership style.
2. Evaluate your leadership practice by doing the following:
Note: As part of your evaluation, you will need to use one scholarly leadership theory
and three scholarly sources.
a. Evaluate three strengths of your leadership practice using a scholarly leadership
theory.
Note: You should use a leadership theory that is different from the leadership theory
you used in task 1.
b. Evaluate three weaknesses of your leadership practice using the same scholarly
leadership theory you used in part A2a.
c. Recommend three theory­based changes that you could make to maximize your
success in managing organizations and leading people in the future, using the same
scholarly leadership theory you used in part A2a.
Note: All theories must be supported.
d. Discuss two short­term SMART goals that will help improve your leadership
practice.
Note: All the components of the SMART model must be met for each goal. This model
required objectives to be: (a) specific, (b) measurable, (c) achievable or attainable,
(d) realistic or relevant, and (e) time­bound or time­based.
i. Discuss at least two specific actions you will take to reach each of the SMART
goals discussed in part A2d.
e. Include three scholarly sources that support your evaluation of your own leadership
practice.
Note: A scholarly source could be a reputable journal, a published book, any source
from a university faculty member or business leader. Also, any article or book in
the online WGU library.
B. When you use sources, include all in­text citations and references in APA format.
Note: For definitions of terms commonly used in the rubric, see the Rubric Terms web link
included in the Evaluation Procedures section.
Note: When using sources to support ideas and elements in an assessment, the submission
MUST include APA formatted in­text citations with a corresponding reference list for any direct
quotes or paraphrasing. It is not necessary to list sources that were consulted if they have not
been quoted or paraphrased in the text of the assessment.
Note: No more than a combined total of 30% of a submission can be directly quoted or closely
paraphrased from outside sources, even if cited correctly. For tips on using APA style, please
refer to the APA Handout web link included in the APA Guidelines section.

Sunday 18 June 2017

Test Bank for Macroeconomics 9th Edition by Mankiw

TO PURCHASIS THIS TEST BANK WITH ANSWERS CONTACT US AT

WHISPERHILLS@GMAIL.COM


Name: __________________________ Date: _____________
1. Macroeconomics does not try to answer the question of:
A) why do some countries experience rapid growth.
B) what is the rate of return on education.
C) why do some countries have high rates of inflation.
D) what causes recessions and depressions.
2. A typical trend during a recession is that:
A) the unemployment rate falls.
B) the popularity of the incumbent president rises.
C) incomes fall.
D) the inflation rate rises.
3. Macroeconomics is the study of the:
A) activities of individual units of the economy.
B) decision making by households and firms.
C) economy as a whole.
D) interaction of firms and households in the marketplace.
4. The study of the economy as a whole is called:
A) household economics.
B) business economics.
C) microeconomics.
D) macroeconomics.
5. Macroeconomists cannot conduct controlled experiments, such as testing various tax and expenditure policies, because:
A) it is against the law.
B) they tried it once and it did not work.
C) they must make use of the data history gives them.
D) economists already know the answers that would come out of the experiments.
6. The ability of macroeconomists to predict the future course of economic events:
A) is no better than the meteorologist’s ability to predict the next month’s weather.
B) is much better than the meteorologist’s ability to predict the next month’s weather.
C) has gotten worse over time.
D) is less precise than it was in the 1920s.
7. Which of the combinations listed is not a U.S. president and an important economic issue of his administration?
A) President Carter, inflation
B) President Reagan, budget deficits
C) President G.H.W. Bush, budget deficits
D) President Clinton, inflation
8. All of the following are types of macroeconomics data except the:
A) price of an IBM computer.
B) growth rate of real GDP.
C) inflation rate.
D) unemployment rate.
9. All of the following are important macroeconomic variables except:
A) real GDP.
B) the unemployment rate.
C) the marginal rate of substitution.
D) the inflation rate.
10. The total income of everyone in the economy adjusted for the level of base year prices is called:
A) a recession.
B) an inflation.
C) real GDP.
D) a business fluctuation.
11. A measure of how fast the general level of prices is rising is called the:
A) growth rate of real GDP.
B) inflation rate.
C) unemployment rate.
D) market-clearing rate.
Page 1
12. The inflation rate is a measure of how fast:
A) the total income of the economy is growing.
B) unemployment in the economy is increasing.
C) the general level of prices in the economy is rising.
D) the number of jobs in the economy is expanding.
13. Real GDP ______ over time and the growth rate of real GDP ______.
A) grows; fluctuates
B) is steady; is steady
C) grows; is steady
D) is steady; fluctuates
14. Two striking features of a graph of U.S. real GDP per capita over the twentieth century are the:
A) overall upward trend interrupted by a large downturn due to the economic depression in the 1930s.
B) nearly constant level with a large downturn in the 1930s.
C) downward trend in the first half of the century followed by the upward trend in the second half.
D) constant level in the first half of the century followed by the upward trend in the second half.
15. In the U.S. economy today, real GDP per person, compared with its level in 1900, is about:
A) 50 percent higher.
B) twice as high.
C) three times as high.
D) eight times as high.
16. Recessions are periods when real GDP:
A) increases slowly.
B) increases rapidly.
C) decreases mildly.
D) decreases severely.
17. Compared with a recession, real GDP during a depression:
A) increases more rapidly.
B) increases at approximately the same rate.
C) decreases at approximately the same rate.
D) decreases more severely.
18. A severe recession is called a(n):
A) depression.
B) deflation.
C) exogenous event.
D) market-clearing assumption.
19. The inflation rate in the United States averaged about:
A) nearly zero between 1900 and 1950.
B) nearly zero between 1950 and 2000.
C) 10 percent between 1900 and 1950.
D) 10 percent between 1950 and 2000.
20. Deflation occurs when:
A) real GDP decreases.
B) the unemployment rate decreases.
C) prices fall.
D) prices increase, but at a slower rate.
21. A period of falling prices is called:
A) deflation.
B) inflation.
C) a depression.
D) a recession.
22. A graph of the rate of inflation in the United States over the twentieth century shows:
A) an overall upward trend interrupted by a large downturn in the 1930s.
B) some periods of deflation in the first half of the century, but only positive rates of inflation in the second half of the
century.
C) a relatively steady, positive level throughout the century except for deflation in the 1930s.
D) a constant rate of inflation in the first half of the century followed by an upward trend in the second half.
Page 2
23. A graph of the U.S. unemployment rate over the twentieth century shows:
A) an overall upward trend in the unemployment rate interrupted by a large upturn in the 1930s.
B) an overall downward trend in the unemployment rate interrupted by a large upturn in the 1930s.
C) rates of unemployment always greater than zero with substantial variations from year to year.
D) alternating periods of positive and negative rates of unemployment.
24. During the period between 1900 and 2000, the unemployment rate in the United States was highest in the:
A) 1920s.
B) 1930s.
C) 1970s.
D) 1980s.
25. The unemployment rate:
A) was zero during the 1990s in the United States.
B) was zero on average between 1900 and 1950 in the United States.
C) has never been zero in the United States.
D) is usually zero when the economy is not in a recession or depression.
26. Exogenous variables are:
A) fixed at the moment they enter the model.
B) determined within the model.
C) the outputs of the model.
D) explained by the model.
27. Endogenous variables are:
A) fixed at the moment they enter the model.
B) determined within the model.
C) the inputs of the model.
D) from outside the model.
28. In an economic model:
A) exogenous variables and endogenous variables are both fixed when they enter the model.
B) endogenous variables and exogenous variables are both determined within the model.
C) endogenous variables affect exogenous variables.
D) exogenous variables affect endogenous variables.
29. Variables that a model tries to explain are called:
A) endogenous.
B) exogenous.
C) market clearing.
D) fixed.
30. Variables that a model takes as given are called:
A) endogenous.
B) exogenous.
C) market clearing.
D) macroeconomic.
31. Macroeconomic models are used to explain how ______ variables influence ______ variables.
A) endogenous; exogenous
B) exogenous; endogenous
C) microeconomic; macroeconomic
D) macroeconomic; microeconomic
32. Important characteristics of macroeconomic models include all of the following except:
A) simplifying assumptions.
B) functional relationships based on controlled experiments.
C) endogenous and exogenous variables.
D) implicit or explicit consistency with microeconomic foundations.
33. In a simple graphical model of the supply and demand for pizza with the price of pizza measured vertically and the quantity
of pizza measured horizontally:
A) the supply curve slopes upward and to the right.
B) the demand curve slopes upward and to the right.
C) the supply curve slopes downward and to the right.
D) at the equilibrium price, the supply of pizza exceeds the demand for pizza.
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34. In a simple model of the supply and demand for pizza, the endogenous variables are:
A) the price of pizza and the price of cheese.
B) aggregate income and the quantity of pizza sold.
C) aggregate income and the price of cheese.
D) the price of pizza and the quantity of pizza sold.
35. In a simple model of the supply and demand for pizza, when aggregate income increases, the price of pizza ______ and the
quantity purchased ______.
A) increases; decreases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases
36. In a simple model of the supply and demand for pizza, when the price of cheese increases, the price of pizza ______ and the
quantity purchased ______.
A) increases; increases
B) decreases; increases
C) decreases; decreases
D) increases; decreases
37. Which statement below best illustrates the “art,” rather than the “science” of macroeconomics?
A) Macroeconomic data provides the motivation for new macroeconomic theory.
B) Macroeconomic relationships can be expressed using symbols and equations.
C) Macroeconomists must determine which simplifying assumptions clarify our thinking and which mislead us.
D) Graphs and charts can be used to illustrate the history of macroeconomic variables.
38. In the relationship expressed in functional form, Y = G(K, L), Y stands for real GDP, K stands for the amount of capital in the
economy, and L stands for the amount of labor in the economy. In this case G( ):
A) is the growth rate of real GDP when the amount of capital and labor in the economy is fixed.
B) indicates that the variables inside the parentheses are endogenous variables in the model.
C) is the symbol that stands for government input into the production process.
D) is the function telling how the variables in the parentheses determine real GDP.
39. Which of the following statements about economic models is true?
A) There is only one correct economic model.
B) All economic models are based on the same assumptions.
C) The purpose of economic models is to show how endogenous variables affect exogenous variables.
D) Economists use different models to address different economic phenomenon.
40. Macroeconomic models:
A) assume all wages and prices are sticky.
B) assume all wages and prices are flexible.
C) make different assumptions to explain different aspects of the macroeconomy.
D) focus primarily on the optimizing behavior of households and firms.
41. The assumption of continuous market clearing means that:
A) sellers can sell all that they want at the going price.
B) buyers can buy all that they want at the going price.
C) in any given month, buyers can buy all that they want and sellers can sell all that they want at the going price.
D) at any given instant, buyers can buy all that they want and sellers can sell all that they want at the going price.
42. All of the following statements about sticky prices are true except:
A) in the short run, some wages and prices are sticky.
B) the sticky-price model describes the equilibrium toward which the economy slowly gravitates.
C) for studying year-to-year fluctuations, most macroeconomists believe that price stickiness is a better assumption than is
price flexibility.
D) magazine publishers tend to change their newsstand prices only every three or four years.
43. The assumption of flexible prices is a more plausible assumption when applied to price changes that occur:
A) from minute to minute.
B) from year to year.
C) in the long run.
D) in the short run.
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44. An assumption of _______ is more plausible for studying the short-run behavior of the economy, while an assumption of
______ is more plausible for studying the long-run, equilibrium behavior of the economy.
A) deflation; inflation
B) inflation; deflation
C) flexible prices; sticky prices
D) sticky prices; flexible prices
45. When studying the short-run behavior of the economy, an assumption of ______ is more plausible, in contrast to studying the
long-run equilibrium behavior of an economy, when an assumption of ______ is more plausible.
A) inflation; unemployment
B) unemployment; inflation
C) flexible prices; sticky prices
D) sticky prices; flexible prices
46. Which of the following is the best example of a sticky price?
A) the price of a barrel of oil
B) the price of the U.S. dollar in terms of euros
C) the price of a share of stock
D) the price of a soda in a vending machine
47. Which of the following is the best example of a flexible price?
A) the price of a cup of coffee in a coffee shop
B) the price of gasoline at a service station
C) the price of a ticket at a movie theater
D) the price of a book in a bookstore
48. How does the distinction between flexible and sticky prices impact the study of macroeconomics?
A) The study of flexible prices is confined to microeconomics, while macroeconomics focuses on sticky prices.
B) Macroeconomists use flexible prices to explain inflation and sticky prices to explain unemployment.
C) Flexible prices are typically assumed in the study of the long run, while sticky prices are assumed in the study of the
short run.
D) Endogenous variables are measured using flexible prices, while exogenous variables are measured using sticky prices.
49. Macroeconomics is:
A) based on microeconomic foundations.
B) completely separate from microeconomics.
C) explicitly based on microeconomic behavior.
D) a subsidiary branch of microeconomics.
50. Macroeconomics is based on microeconomics for all of the following reasons except:
A) when we study the economy as a whole, we must consider the decisions of individual economic actors.
B) aggregate variables are simply the sum of variables describing many individual decisions.
C) macroeconomic decision makers, when they make their choices, are required to maximize utility functions.
D) to understand the determinants of aggregate investment, we must think about a firm’s deciding whether to build a new
factory.
51. Macroeconomists are like scientists because they both:
A) design data and conduct controlled experiments to test their theories.
B) rely on data analyzed from experiments they set up in a laboratory.
C) are unlimited in their use of controlled experiments.
D) collect data, develop hypotheses, and analyze the results.
52. Using a market-clearing model to analyze the demand for haircuts is ______ because the price of a haircut usually changes
______.
A) realistic; frequently
B) realistic; infrequently
C) unrealistic; frequently
D) unrealistic; infrequently
53. Assume that the equation for demand for bread at a small bakery is Qd
= 60 – 10Pb + 3Y, where Qd
is the quantity of bread
demanded in loaves and Y is the average income in the town in thousands of dollars.
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a. If the average income in the town is 10, state the equation for Qd
in terms of Pb.
b. Draw a graph of the demand curve with Qd
on the horizontal axis and Pb on the vertical axis.
Label the curve DD.
54. Assume that the equation for demand for bread at a small bakery is Qd
= 60 – 10Pb + 3Y, where Qd
is the quantity of bread
demanded in loaves, Pb is the price of bread in dollars per loaf, and Y is the average income in the town in thousands of
dollars. Assume also that the equation for supply of bread is Qs
= 30 + 20Pb – 30 Pf, where Qs
is the quantity supplied and Pf
is the price of flour in dollars per pound. Assume finally that markets clear, so that Qd
= Qs
.
55. The production function for an economy can be expressed as Y = F(K,L), where Y is real GDP, K is the quantity of capital in
the economy, and L is the quantity of labor in the economy.
56. The quantity of coffee demanded, QD, depends on the price of coffee, Pc, and the price of tea, PT. The quantity of coffee
supplied, QS, depends on the price of coffee, Pc, and the price of electricity, PE , according to the following equation:
57. What is the difference between recession and depression in an economy? Provide an example of depression from the real
world that has hit the global economy.
Use the following to answer question 58:
58. Refer to the following graph and identify the years for which Country A and Country B experienced recession.
59. Why do we call macroeconomics an imperfect science? Explain.
60. Are the terms “market clearing” and “equilibrium” one and the same? Explain.
61. Do you agree with the statement, “macroeconomics rests on the foundation of microeconomics”? Explain.
62. Give two examples of macroeconomic variables and microeconomic variables.
63. Refer the following table showing the quantity of toothpastes that are demanded at different prices. Identify the price (as
shown in the first column below in the table) that represents the market clearing.
64. What is the difference between sticky prices and flexible prices? Explain.
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b. What is/are the endogenous variable(s) in this model?
c. What is/are the exogenous variable(s) in this model?
b. If the average income in the town increases to 15, solve for the new equilibrium Q and Pb.
a.
QD = 17 – 2 Pc + 10 PT
QS = 2 + 3 Pc – 5 PE
a. If the price of tea is $1.00 and the price of electricity is $0.50, what is the equilibrium price
and quantity of coffee?
b. What is/are the endogenous variable(s) in this model?
Price
(US$/tube)
Quantity demanded
(thousands of tubes)
Quantity supplied
(thousands of tubes)
20 5 20
16 8 16
13 12 12
8 15 8
5 17 5
4 18 3
c. What is/are the exogenous variable(s) in this model?
If Y is 10 and Pf is $1, solve mathematically for equilibrium Q and Pb.
a. If F( ) = 100 + 3K + 9L, what is real GDP if the quantity of capital is 200 and the quantity of
labor is 500?
65. What is an exogenous variable? Illustrate with graphs the effect of a change in the exogenous variable on a demand and
supply relationship. Mark the x-axis and y-axis clearly.
66. Column A below lists the names of four U.S. presidents, while Column B lists four economic events that occurred during the
tenures of those U.S. presidents. Match each president to the economic event that occurred during his tenure.
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2. Ronald Regan b. inflation
3. Bill Clinton c. steep rise in mortgage defaults
4. Barrack Obama d. budget deficit
Column A Column B
1. Jimmy Carter a. budget surplus
Answer Key
1. B
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. A
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. A
19. A
20. C
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. B
25. C
26. A
27. B
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. B
32. B
33. A
34. D
35. B
36. D
37. C
38. D
39. D
40. C
41. D
42. B
43. C
44. D
45. D
46. D
47. B
48. C
49. A
50. C
51. D
52. D
53.
54.
55.
56.
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b.
a. Y = 100 + 3(200) + 9(500) = 5,200
b. Y
c. K,L
a. Qd
= 90 – 10Pb
a. The equilibrium price is $5.50 and the equilibrium quantity is 16.
b. Pc and Q
c. PT and PE
a. Q = 60 loaves, Pb = $3.00
b. Q = 70 loaves, Pb = $3.50
57. When there is a mild fall in the gross domestic product (GDP) of an economy over a period of time it leads to recession in the
economy. If the intensity of the fall in GDP is severe over a period of time, then it turns into a depression. Recession is cyclic
in nature; that is, it repeats itself over a period of time in an economy. A famous example of depression is that of the Great
Depression of the 1930s that occurred in the United States and affected the global economy. Even the financial crisis of 2008-
2009 in the United States was very much reminiscent of the Great Depression.
58. Country A experienced its recession during 2003 and its early recovery during 2004. Country B experienced its first recession
during 2002 and its early recovery in 2003. Country B experienced a second recession in 2007.
59. The study of macroeconomics depends mainly upon the historical data on different economies. Macroeconomists analyze
these data to explain changes occurring in different economic parameters (income, prices, unemployment, etc.) and formulate
policies. Additionally, macroeconomic studies cannot be conducted in controlled experiments, as in biology or chemistry, for
example. In this way, macroeconomists are similar to weather forecasters.
60. Yes, both terms represent the same notion: the balance between supply and demand. It is the balancing point at which
everything that is produced gets sold and fulfills the entire demand. Thus, if all other things remain constant, then there is no
tendency to change the quantity supplied and demanded at this point.
61. Macroeconomics involves studying the aggregate of economic variables related to individual decision making parameters,
which are microeconomic (think of individuals’ expenses, investments, etc.). That is to say, the total expenditure in an
economy is the aggregate (sum) of all the expenditures done by all consumers in that economy, or the total investment done
in an economy is the aggregate (sum) of all individual investments done by firms in that economy. This reflects that
macroeconomic study rests on the foundation of microeconomics.
62. The income of your father is a microeconomic variable, while the gross domestic product (GDP) of your country is a
macroeconomic variable. The money your father saves in the bank is a microeconomic variable, while the total money in all
banks and post offices of your country is a macroeconomic variable.
63. US$13 per toothpaste tube.
64. With flexible prices, instantaneous adjustment in changes between demand and supply brings market forces into equilibrium.
In contrast, sticky prices delay the adjustment process due to their adherence to predetermined levels (though such delays
are released over the long-run).
65. An exogenous variable is the variable which an economic model assumes to be given. For example, in the supply and demand
models below the income of consumers (Graph 1) and the cost of materials (Graph 2) are assumed to be given.
Now if there is an change in the income of consumers, this effects the market.
In Graph 1 (below), increase in income shifts the demand curve upward from D1 to D2,with increased quantity from Q1 to Q2,
and also increases the prices from P1 to P2.
In Graph 2 (below), the exogenous variable is the cost of materials. A rise in the cost of materials decreases the supply from
S1 to S2. Quantity falls from Q1 to Q2 and prices rise from P1 to P2.
66. 1(b), 2(d), 3(a), 4(c)
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