DeVry POLI 330 Week 2 Quiz - New 2017

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Chapter 2       Theories

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. __________ wrote Republic.

1. Aristotle
2. Plato
3. Hans J. Morgenthau
4. Niccolo Machiavelli

2. Plato and Aristotle were from __________.

1. Great Britain
2. Italy
3. Greece
4. Egypt

3. Aristotle argued that the best political communities would be __________.

1. dominated by wealthy citizens
2. oligarchies
3. formed by elites
4. formed by citizens of the middle class

4. Which of the following best characterizes Aristotle?
5. He only explained what is.
6. He only explained what ought to be.
7. He explained both what is and what ought to be.
8. He neither explained what is nor what ought to be.

5. Which of the following would be consistent with Confucius’s vision of government?

1. Immoral behavior by rulers
2. Participation of the masses
3. Moral behavior by rulers
4. Limits on family ties

6. What shape depicted in your text might best describe healthcare reform according to a liberal?

1. A diamond
2. An upside down triangle
3. A triangle
4. A vertical rectangle

7. Which statement best reflects a descriptive statement?

1. The United States has a higher infant mortality rate than Japan.
2. The United States should do more to help the poor.
3. The United States would benefit from lower taxes.
4. The United States would benefit from building more prisons.

8. Which statement best reflects a normative description?

1. The United States has higher taxes than most European democracies.
2. The United States has lower taxes than most European democracies.
3. The United States has a federal income tax.
4. The United States has tax rates that are too low.

9. Which of the following pairs of terms are most incompatible with each other?

1. Descriptive, realism
2. Normative, realism
3. Descriptive, realism
4. Normative, zeitgeist

10. Aristotle and John Locke might agree on which point?

1. The importance of voting rights for all citizens
2. The importance of property rights
3. The importance of changing paradigms
4. The importance of the scientific method

11. What theory best explains a scenario where India develops similar political views to France, despite the fact that France was unaware of Indian political philosophies until recently?

1. Modernization Theory
2. Classical Theory
3. Rational-Choice Theory
4. Marxist Theory

12. Thomas Hobbes wrote that “the life of man [is] solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and __________.”

1. endless
2. tiring
3. short
4. depressing

13. Which of the following is most consistent with the idea of a social contract?

1. Government should be limited to ensure individual freedom.
2. Individuals join and stay in civil society.
3. Citizens prefer solitary lives to living in groups.
4. Citizens are more concerned with their own social situation than the community.

14. Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau would likely agree on which of the following?

1. Individuals join and stay in civil society
2. Life is nasty and brutish
3. Power resided with the proletariat
4. The importance of empirical research

15. Which of the following was of greatest concern to John Locke?

1. Freedom of speech for all
2. Power resided with the proletariat
3. The right to property
4. Voting rights

16. Social contracts, the state of nature, and civil society are phrases that are best associated with __________.

1. the contractualists
2. Marxists
3. behavioralism
4. systems theory

17. If __________ were alive, he might suggest that poor academic performance in schools could be attributed to a society that does not promote education and provides few resources devoted to schools.

1. John Locke
2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3. Thomas Hobbes
4. Machiavelli

18. Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of the “general will” according to Rousseau?

1. Creating a park for the citizens to enjoy
2. Using public dollars so that some citizens can attend private schools
3. Offering tax breaks to one auto manufacturing plant
4. Low turnout in elections

19. Karl Marx used the term __________ to refer to everything built on top of the economy.

1. the social contract
2. institutions
3. behavioralism
4. superstructure

20. __________ favor social and economic change to help the poor.

1. Conservatives
2. Leftists
3. Bourgeoisie
4. Zeitgeists

21. The “spirit of the times” would do which of the following according to Hegel?

1. Move history along
2. Lead to disillusionment
3. Prevent tyranny
4. Provide a balance to politics

22. Which of the following would most likely be supported by the bourgeoisie?

1. Equality for all
2. A revolt by the proletariat
3. Minority rights
4. Conflict for economic gain

23. According to Karl Marx, what would likely replace capitalism?

1. Communism
2. Socialism
3. Feudalism
4. Conservatism

24. Which of the following best undermines the Marxist argument?

1. Capitalist society’s frequently collapse.
2. Socialism is the natural replacement of capitalism.
3. Capitalism has survived major stock market crashes.
4. India has a democratic government.

25. Which statement best supports Marxist Theories?

1. The United States provides ample opportunities for all that work hard.
2. Similarities exist between economies in both Europe and the United States.
3. Tax breaks will often create jobs, benefiting the working class.
4. Uneven benefits to corporations with few benefits for workers, led to the economic crises in the early 2000s.

26. The term __________ might best explain why different periods throughout history have distinctive characteristics.

1. bourgeoisie
2. zeitgeist
3. paradigm
4. general will

27. Assuming that we can study society scientifically is consistent with which of the following?

1. Marxism
2. Realism
3. Positivism
4. Systems theory

28. The formal structures of government like the U.S. Congress are referred to as __________.

1. institutions
2. systems
3. paradigms
4. superstructures

29. A thesis is best described as __________.

1. a claim you are going to prove
2. a finding based on research
3. something that is not testable
4. a research design

30. Auguste Comte would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

1. The natural sciences and social sciences are nothing alike.
2. Social science methods can be applied to the natural sciences.
3. Natural science methods can be applied to the social sciences.
4. The proletariat will ultimately revolt.

31. Which of the following is a criticism of behavioralism?

1. Behavioralism is not value-free.
2. Behavioralism has never been used in the United States.
3. Natural science methods cannot be applied to the social sciences.
4. Behavioralism focuses too much on the big picture.

32. Which of the following most undermines the potential benefits of the behavioral approach?

1. Public opinion in Northern Canada
2. European democratic governments
3. Southwestern voting patterns in the United States
4. The current conflicts in the Sudan

33. Which of the following applies to the concept of New Institutionalism?

1. A synthesis of traditional behavior and other techniques in the study of politics
2. Feedback to members of Congress from their constituents that changes how they will vote
3. The president is constrained because of limitation on powers granted in Article II of the Constitution
4. Incentives that alter which candidates citizens support

34. David Easton is most associated with which of the following?

1. Behavioralism
2. Marxism
3. Systems Theory
4. Modernization Theory

35. Which of the following is a key component to systems theory?

1. Feedback
2. Modernization
3. Positivism
4. The superstructure

36. A feedback loop is most likely associated with __________.

1. Behavioralism
2. Modernization Theory
3. Rational-Choice Theory
4. Systems Theory

37. Which is a potential problem with a model?

1. Oversimplification
2. Undersimplification
3. Irrationality
4. Rationality

38. Which best exemplifies systems theory?

1. A person voting for the candidate that will best benefit that voter
2. A school district adjusting a bilingual education program to accommodate a large influx of non-native Americans.
3. Two nations creating similar programs because of industrialization
4. Using scientific methods to study society.

39. Which statement best undermines systems theory?

1. The passage of healthcare reform despite opposition from the public.
2. The passage of healthcare reform because of support from the public.
3. The passage of healthcare reform because other democracies of a certain age have done such a thing.
4. A dislike of government guaranteed healthcare in the United States.

40. Hegel is most associated with which theory?

1. Marxism
2. Modernization
3. Positivism
4. Rational-Choice

41. Seymour Martin Lipset wrote __________.

1. The Prince
2. Arthashastra
3. Social Contract
4. Political Man

42. Which of the following is a likely characteristic of a democratic nation?

1. Low levels of education
2. They are led by a dictator
3. Relatively high gross domestic product
4. Turmoil and instability

43. Gross Domestic Product is frequently used to assess __________.

1. wealth
2. health care
3. education
4. systems

44. Seymour Martin Lipset would most likely agree with which statement?

1. China will become more socialistic as it industrializes.
2. China instigates conflicts because wars benefit the ruling class.
3. As China becomes more democratic, its politics and economic situation will remain stable.
4. As China becomes more democratic, it will undergo many economic and political changes.

45. Rational-Choice Theory is most related to which of the following?

1. Behavioralism
2. Modernization Theory
3. Game Theory
4. Contractualism

46. Rational-Choice theory became popular among political scientists during what time period?

1. Prior to World War I
2. Prior to World War II
3. The 1950s
4. The 1970s

47. Game theory is most associated with __________.

1. modernization theory
2. behavioralism
3. systems theory
4. rational-choice theory

48. The statement, “Germany is relatively wealthy and its citizens are well-educated, so it must be a democracy,” is consistent with __________.

1. modernization theory
2. classical theory
3. rational-choice theory
4. Marxist theory

49. If we try to predict how South Korea will react to threats from North Korea, considering both the costs and benefits of a particular action, __________ will be most useful.

1. modernization theory
2. classical theory
3. rational-choice theory
4. Marxist theory

50. Which of the following most weakens arguments from game theorists?

1. Political actors are usually predictable.
2. President Obama could not estimate the effect of pulling troops out of Iraq.
3. Political scientists have been very accurate in collecting data.
4. Like Europe, the United States will become more socialistic over the next 100 years.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

51. Realists focus on the world as it should be.

52. Political theory was limited to Europe until the 20th Century.

53. John Locke’s theories were more pessimistic than Thomas Hobbes.

54. Thomas Hobbes’s work might be useful in examining Rwandan genocides.

55. Karl Marx called the ruling class the proletariat.

56. Congress is a political institution.

57. The “political systems” model was devised by David Easton.

58. The idea that prior to reauthorization, adjustments might be made to an educational program based on demands from parents, teachers, and students is consistent with systems theory.

59. India’s democracy appears to defy expectations based on Modernization theory.

60. Rational-choice theorists argue that behavior cannot be predicted.

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS

61. Niccolo Machiavelli’s __________ was about getting and using political __________.

62. Hobbes imagined a __________ society.

63. The concept of the __________ suggests that society’s interests might trump individual, selfish concerns.

64. The German term __________ refers to the spirit of the times.

65. Karl Marx argued that if a country went to war, it was likely to benefit the __________.

66. Formal structures of government, like the presidency or the courts, are referred to as __________.

67. A feedback loop is associated with __________ theory.

68. __________ theory would likely predict that democracy might follow a nation once it becomes wealthy.

69. A __________ is a model or way of doing research which is accepted by the discipline.

70. Rational-Choice theorists might employ __________ theory to study how political actors might behave.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

71. How are the terms “descriptive” and “normative” different from each other?

72. What did Hobbes mean when he stated a “war of each against all?”

73. Why are capitalists doomed, according to Marx?

74. What often happens to poor nations trying to become democratic? Why?

75. Why is rational-choice theory often referred to as game theory?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

76. Explain Confucius’ vision for a good, stable government. Could this apply to the United States?

77. Contrast the Contractualists’ state of nature and the consequences of each vision.

78. What are the weaknesses in Marxist Theory?

79. What were the advantages and disadvantages of the behavioral approach to studying politics? Evaluate some problems with this approach.

80. Evaluate the biological analogy at the heart of systems theory. Analyze the utility of this analogy.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Adam Smith is most associated with which concept?

1. Socialism
2. Modern liberalism
3. Classic liberalism
4. Communism

2. Your text refers to __________ as cheap theories.

1. ideologies
2. pragmatists
3. doctrines
4. theses

3. The American Civil War was largely fought for __________ reasons.

1. ideological
2. partisan
3. spiritual
4. agricultural

4. The notion that art, music, and politics might go together, is consistent with the views of __________.

1. Karl Marx
2. Mao
3. W.F. Hegel
4. John Locke

5. Which if the following is an example of a pragmatic solution to the problem of air pollution?

1. Limiting pollution because it improves air quality according to environmental policy experts
2. A liberal politician favoring regulation of manufacturers in the hopes that it will improve air quality
3. A conservative politician favoring reducing regulations in hopes of improving the economy
4. A belief that the market will protect air quality because of competition among manufacturers

6. Which of the following best demonstrates the differences between political scientists and ideologues?

1. Political scientists are theoretical, while ideologues are idealistic.
2. Ideologues are theoretical, while political scientists are idealistic.
3. Political scientists are driven by passion, while ideologues are not.
4. Political scientists are concerned with what should be, while ideologues are theory driven.

7. 7. The Wealth of Nations was written by __________.

1. Anthony Downs
2. John Locke
3. Adam Smith
4. Edmund Burke

8. Which of the following best describes the term laissez-faire?

1. Intervening in the economy
2. Leaving the economy alone
3. Creating monopolies
4. Disbanding monopolies

9. The “unseen hand” is associated with the work of __________?

1. Karl Marx
2. Adam Smith
3. W.F. Hegel
4. John Locke

10. Modern liberals might argue that markets are __________.

1. self-correcting
2. infallible
3. in perfect competition
4. rigged by manufacturers

11. Which of the following propositions would likely be favored by modern liberals?

1. Tax cuts for top income earners
2. Regulation of the banking sector
3. Little government involvement in economic matters
4. Free markets

12. Which of the following best describes classical liberalism and modern conservatism?

1. Classical liberalism is the opposite of modern conservatism.
2. Classical liberalism is similar to modern conservatism.
3. Neither classical liberalism, nor modern conservatism continues to exist.
4. Classical liberalism and modern conservatism were developed by Karl Marx.

13. Which statement best applies to Adam Smith?

1. His views began as conservative, but are now associated with modern liberalism.
2. His views were once considered liberal, but are now promoted by conservative.
3. His views have always been advocated by liberals.
4. Marxists promoted his views because of concerns of the proletariat

14. Thomas Hill Green might agree with which of the following?

1. No one is forced to take a job they don’t like.
2. Unions are necessary to protect workers against business owners.
3. Taxes should benefit business owners because it allows them to hire more workers.
4. Markets regulate themselves.

15. Classic liberals have little in common with __________?

1. modern conservatives
2. classic conservatives
3. modern liberals
4. Adam Smith

16. Edmund Burke is best associated with __________?

1. socialism
2. classic conservatism
3. classic liberalism
4. modern liberalism

17. Milton Friedman is often associated with which ideology?

1. Socialism
2. Classic liberalism
3. Modern conservatism
4. Modern liberalism

18. Edmund Burke and Adam Smith would likely agree on which of the following points?

1. Free markets are best.
2. Markets require regulation.
3. Positive freedom is necessary.
4. A progressive tax system is needed.

19. Modern American conservatism would favor government involvement in what activity?

1. Religious promotion
2. Regulating markets
3. Protecting organized labor
4. A progressive tax system

20. Modern conservatism adopts elements of which of the following?

1. Economic views from Edmund Burke and social views from Adam Smith
2. Economic and social views from Adam Smith
3. Economic views from Adam Smith and social views from Thomas Hill Green
4. Economic views from Adam Smith and social views from Edmund Burke

21. Where do modern conservatives diverge from Adam Smith?

1. Adam Smith was resolute in his belief that markets produced fair outcomes, whereas modern conservatives are not.
2. Adam Smith believed government could help regulate market, but modern conservatives do not.
3. Modern conservatives believe government can help regulate markets, but Adam Smith did not.
4. Modern conservatives are resolute in their beliefs that markets are fair, but Adam Smith acknowledged that they could be unfair.

22. The Communist Manifesto was written by __________.

1. Edmund Burke
2. John Locke
3. Karl Marx
4. H. Green

23. Social Democrats would be best described as __________.

1. an extreme form of socialism
2. a mild form of socialism
3. an extreme form of communism
4. a mild form of communism

24. Imperialism is best described as __________.

1. amassing colonial empire
2. unlawful declarations of war
3. Marx’s view of socialism
4. an extreme form of communism

25. “The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains,” is associated with which ideology?

1. Liberalism
2. Conservatism
3. Socialism
4. Feminism

26. Which of the following was key to Lenin’s views on political parties?

1. Political parties had to be open.
2. Political parties had to be large.
3. Political parties had to be well-funded.
4. Political parties had to be organized.

27. Which of the following is the correct order of economic systems of government (from first to last) according to Karl Marx?

1. Socialism, communism, capitalism
2. Capitalism, socialism, communism
3. Communism, socialism, capitalism
4. Communism, capitalism, socialism

28. Social democracy is essentially a reformed version of __________.

1. Communism
2. Marxism
3. Capitalism
4. Libertarianism

29. According to Marx, which of the following would be a utopia?

1. Clearer class divisions
2. Life where benefits are provided equally
3. The triumph of capitalism
4. Little power for the proletariat

30. The current economic situation in China is analogous to which of the following?

1. Fascism
2. Libertarianism
3. Modern conservatism
4. Titoism

31. __________ is an extreme form of nationalism.

1. Liberalism
2. Conservatism
3. Socialism
4. Fascism

32. Fascism existed during the twentieth Century in what country?

1. Ireland
2. Italy
3. Iceland
4. France

33. Which of the following statements best applies to China?

1. Communism is more important that nationalism.
2. Nationalism is more important than communism.
3. Democracy is more important than nationalism.
4. Democracy is more important than communism.

34. According to your chapter, what do Canada, Spain, China, and Britain have in common?

1. They each have regional nationalism.
2. They each have fascist governments.
3. They each have military dictatorships.
4. They each have representative democracies.

35. The American media’s failure to question President Bush’s claims that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction can be explained by __________.

1. liberalism
2. nationalism
3. Maoism
4. fascism

36. Which of the following assisted Germany and Italy in their war efforts?

1. Disenchantment with socialism
2. Appeals to the citizens based on extreme nationalistic views
3. Unequal distribution of resources domestically and abroad
4. A revolt against the dominant world powers

37. Neoconservatism emerged in the United States in the __________.

1. 1950s
2. 1960s
3. 1970s
4. 1980s

38. __________ prefer virtually no government involvement in anything.
39. Liberals
40. Conservatives
41. Marxists
42. Libertarians

39. The fact that the Soviet Union ceased to exist by the end of 1991 is indicative of __________.

1. the collapse of liberalism
2. the collapse of conservatism
3. the collapse of communism
4. the collapse of neoconservatism

40. Which of the following is consistent with feminist views?

1. Gender roles are learned.
2. Gender roles are innate.
3. The Equal Rights Amendment has helped women achieve equality.
4. Women have been in an advantaged position for half a century.

41. Which group is concerned with the fact that the United States accounts for about 4% of the World’s population yet consumes about a fourth of manufactured goods?

1. Feminists
2. Libertarians
3. Environmentalists
4. Conservatives

42. Which of the following concepts is problematic to neoconservatives?

1. Promoting war
2. Promoting democracy
3. Multiculturalism
4. Free markets

43. How do Libertarians compare to liberals and conservatives?

1. Libertarians are more consistent in their views.
2. Libertarians are less consistent in their views.
3. Libertarians prefer intervention in economic matters only.
4. Libertarians prefer intervention in social matters only.

44. Which statement best depicts China?

1. Since reforms, China has become less capitalistic.
2. China has adopted state ownership of the economy, but has democratic political views.
3. China has become more capitalistic economically, but has an authoritarian political structure.
4. China has become democratic politically and more capitalistic.

45. Which statement, if true, best supports the feminist view on the challenges women face?

1. Women, if treated equally to men, would be subject to the draft.
2. Gender roles are largely biologically defined.
3. Women have difficulty moving up the corporate ladder because men are socialized into leadership roles.
4. Women have achieved equality with the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.

46. The idea of promoting the United States’ values abroad would most likely be supported by which of the following?

1. Marxists
2. Classic conservatives
3. Modern liberals
4. Neoconservative

47. The “end of ideology” argument was proposed by __________.

1. Mao
2. Karl Marx
3. Francis Fukuyama
4. Daniel Bell

48. Which of the following statements best supports the works of Francis Fukuyama?

1. War is necessary to promote American interests.
2. Many people live in a free society.
3. There are many ideological viewpoints in the world.
4. Free market will likely be replaced with greater government ownership.

49. On which point might Daniel Bell and Francis Fukuyama agree?

1. There will always be significant competition among ideological perspectives.
2. There are so many different ideological views today, that scholars have trouble evaluating them.
3. Libertarianism has developed out of capitalism.
4. Capitalism has few rivals in the modern era.

50. Which statement, if true, best undermines Daniel Bell and Francis Fukuyama?

1. Capitalism has triumphed over socialism.
2. Socialism no longer exists in any first world countries.
3. Many nations have varying forms of socialism, and others have varying forms of capitalism.
4. Capitalism has few rivals in the modern era

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

51. The origin of the left-right ideological spectrum dates back to 1789.

52. Maoism is a form of conservatism.

53. The term Laissez-faire generally indicates a desire for government intervention in economic matters.

54. Liberalism is split into modern liberalism and socialism.

55. Edmund Burke is responsible for modern views on communism.

56. Bernstein was responsible for revising Marxism.

57. Liberals are more likely to espouse nationalism views than conservative in the United States.

58. Former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev would be considered a reformer.

59. Those favoring Islamism would condemn American excesses like fancy cars or modern cellular phones.

60. The fact that socialism exists in a number of countries supports the ideas of Francis Fukuyama.

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS

61. A(n) __________ is a belief system that assumes that society can be improved by following certain doctrines.

62. __________ is an ideology favoring government intervention that might address economic inequality.

63. Social democracies have become __________ states.

64. Marxism developed into __________, in part, due to the influences of Lenin.

65. When __________ died, Yugoslavia’s combination of socialism and capitalism ended.

66. __________ is the exaggerated belief in the greatness of one’s country.

67. __________ is the U.S. ideology of former liberals turning to conservative causes and methods.

68. China’s new ideological deployments might best be termed __________.

69. Focusing on the role of the Environmental Protection Agency in regulating carbon emissions would fall under the ideology of __________.

70. If capitalism has won out in the battle of ideologies it might support the arguments espoused by the “__________ of ideology” debate.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

71. How are political theory and ideology different?

72. Compare modern conservatism to the Burkean view of conservatism.

73. How does nationalism trump other ideologies? Provide an example of how this can be dangerous.

74. How might Libertarians agree with both Liberals and Conservatives?

75. What was Mikhail Gorbachev’s reform approach for the Soviet Union and how was it applied?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

76. How does modern liberalism vary from classical liberalism? In what ways is classical liberalism similar to conservatism today?

77. Explain how socialism split into several varieties. Why did this occur?

78. How can nationalism be dangerous, even in a country like the United States? Give an example.

79. What is Islamism? Why is this ideology potentially problematic?

80. Evaluate the “end of ideology” argument? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this argument?