DeVry POLI 330 Week 3 Quiz - New 2017

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Chapter 4-      States

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. What is the term for the absence of government?

1. Socialism
2. Anarchy
3. Statism
4. Republic

2. Hereditary rule by one person is known as __________.

1. a monarchy
2. a republic
3. institutionalization
4. a state

3. A(n) __________ is a political system without a monarch.

1. institution
2. monarchy
3. state
4. republic

4. To Aristotle, the corrupt form of monarchy is __________.

1. democracy
2. tyranny
3. polity
4. oligarchy

5. To Aristotle, the legitimate form of government by the few is __________.

1. monarchy
2. tyranny
3. aristocracy
4. oligarchy

6. Democracy is the ___________ form of government by ___________.

1. corrupt; one
2. corrupt; a few
3. corrupt; many
4. legitimate; many

7. The aftermath of the resignation by President Nixon in the United States demonstrated which concept?

1. The power of the states relative to the national government
2. The resiliency of the institution of the presidency
3. The limitations of the United States court system in punishing corrupt politicians
4. The limitations of unitary systems of government

8. What conclusion can we make about constitutions based on your text?

1. Constitutions structure power so that it does not vary over time.
2. Constitutions are designed to change with each election.
3. Constitutions provide institutional powers, but individual leaders and time affect the exercise of power.
4. Constitutions are nearly identical from one state to the next.

9. Which of the following, if true, best undermines Aristotle’s views on government?

1. Members of elected lawmaking bodies often pursue policies to help themselves get elected.
2. Elected politicians are often interested in running for higher offices.
3. Many democracies have become corrupt.
4. Elected officials do make policies that benefit the majority of citizens.

10. ___________ are incapable of even minimal governance.

1. Strong states
2. Weak States
3. Failed States
4. Effective States

11. In ____________, laws are mostly obeyed, and government can control and tax its territory.

1. effective states
2. strong states
3. failed states
4. weak states

12. ___________ are characterized by the penetration of crime into politics.

1. Weak states
2. Strong states
3. Effective states
4. Failed states

13. Which of the following best describes a weak state?

1. A state with essentially no national government
2. A state where elections may be predetermined
3. A state where the government taxes and controls its territory
4. A state where there are no laws

14. Pirates are present in Somalia because it is a __________.

1. weak state
2. failed state
3. militant state
4. effective state

15. Which of the following, if true, might keep a failed state from disappearing?

1. Increasing taxation power
2. Revenue from natural resources being collected by leaders
3. Expansion of territory
4. Monetary aid from other nations

16. The first-order civil divisions on the United States are called ___________.

1. cantons
2. states
3. counties
4. cities

17. Prefectures are the first-order subdivisions in ___________.

1. Canada
2. Sweden
3. France
4. Japan

18. In France, a prefect is a(n) __________.

1. administrator
2. state
3. lawmaker
4. judge

19. 
    Autonomias are regions in what nation?

1. Canada
2. France
3. Brazil
4. Spain

20. Which of the following might lead you to believe Great Britain has a quasi-unitary system of government?

1. Scotland has gained autonomy over some policy areas.
2. Scotland remains under British control on all matters.
3. Great Britain has a federal system of government.
4. Great Britain has a confederal system of government.

21. Which of the following descriptions best depicts a federal system of government?

1. The central government maintains all the power.
2. The first-order subdivisions maintain all the power.
3. Federal systems exist where there are no governments.
4. Federal systems have divided power between a central government and first-order governments.

22. The idea that American states serve as “laboratories of democracy” is an advantage of __________ of government.

1. unitary systems
2. confederal systems
3. federal systems
4. proportional systems

23. Canada’s federal system contains what issue of contention?

1. Whether Ottawa should secede
2. How much autonomy Quebec should have
3. The first-order subdivisions maintain all the power
4. How to deal with the United States

24. Based on what you know, which of the following is likely the case for Swiss cantons?

1. Cantons can be altered by the central government.
2. Cantons are only found near the capital.
3. Cantons have a significant amount of autonomy.
4. Cantons only have those powers granted to them by the central government.

25. Center-periphery tension might result from which of the following scenarios?

1. The existence of a poor region that receives little from the nation
2. A socialist nation with high levels of taxation
3. A federal system where power is divided between the first-order divisions and the central government
4. A single-member district with first past the post elections

26. Which of the following do Spain and France have in common when it comes to the distribution of responsibilities in those nations?

1. Both nations have consistently consolidated power over the past century.
2. Both nations have decentralized governmental functions.
3. Both nations have adopted confederal systems of government.
4. Both nations have adopted mixed electoral systems.

27. Which of the following might lead to the collapse of a confederation?

1. Too much power from the central government
2. Local governments lacking the ability to make decisions
3. Ineffective regional governments
4. The inability of the central government to defend regional government

28. Center-periphery tensions are most likely to exist under what circumstance?

1. In statist systems that are becoming more capitalistic
2. In areas with regional cultural differences or economic inequality
3. In unitary systems of government where the central government has most of the power
4. In large confederal systems

29. The fact that local governments are best suited for providing services like trash pick-up best supports which of the following form of government?

1. Laissez-faire systems
2. Federal systems
3. Unitary systems
4. Prefectures

30. Which of the following demonstrates a weakness in the American federal system of government?

1. Educational quality varies extensively across American states.
2. No Child Left Behind was designed to improve education.
3. Educational needs in Kansas may be very different from New York.
4. Educational standards are comparable across states.

31. Electoral systems that elect one person per district are known as ____________.

1. multi-member districts
2. majoritarian systems
3. single-member districts
4. proportional districts

32. In __________, representatives are elected based on their party’s percentage of the vote.

1. proportional representative systems
2. majoritarian systems
3. single-member districts
4. multi-member districts

33. Districts that are __________ often have bizarre shapes.

1. compact
2. majoritarian
3. gerrymandered
4. proportional

34. In a single-member district election, the winner receives a minimum of __________.

1. a plurality of the votes
2. a majority of the votes
3. two-thirds of the votes
4. three-fourths of the votes

35. Goldwater and McGovern demonstrated which of the following?

1. The benefit of taking extreme positions in American politics
2. The risks of not taking positions in American politics
3. The risks of taking extreme positions in American politics
4. The benefits of the electoral college in the American political system

36. Gerrymandering is most likely a problem in what electoral system?

1. Single-member systems
2. Multi-member systems
3. Proportional systems
4. Mixed-member systems

37. An advantage of a proportional representation system of government would be __________.

1. a strong two-party system
2. the ability to draw districts to favor the majority party
3. representation of minor parties
4. the ability of the central government to provide benefits to the populations

38. If the Green Party receives 15 percent of the vote in a proportional system, which of the following is likely to happen?

1. The Green Party would receive no seats.
2. The Green Party would try to form a coalition with other parties.
3. The Green Party would attempt to gerrymander districts to their advantage.
4. The Green Party would demand a recount of the votes.

39. Why are coalitions among parties seldom necessary in the United States?

1. Because elections are held in multi-member districts
2. Because elections usually produce more than two viable candidates
3. Because elections are held in single-member districts with plurality winners
4. Because of the multi-party system in the United States

40. If the Social Democrats receive only five percent of the vote, they would be most successful under which of the following systems?

1. Proportional representation
2. Single-member districts
3. Multi-member districts
4. Mixed-member

41. In a __________ system, the government owns little or no industry and redistributes little in welfare programs.

1. majoritarian
2. proportional
3. socialist
4. laissez-faire

42. A __________ system practices both state ownership and extensive welfare benefits.

1. socialist
2. statist
3. welfare
4. laissez-faire

43. Welfare states tend to have which of the following combinations of state ownership and welfare benefits?

1. High levels of state ownership and high levels of welfare benefits
2. High levels of state ownership but low levels of welfare benefits
3. Low levels of state ownership and high levels of welfare benefits
4. Low levels of state ownership and low levels of welfare benefits

44. Which statement best reflects the United States compared to other nations when it comes to state power?

1. The United States is comparable to most other nations when it comes to state power.
2. In the United States, government plays a larger role than in other nations.
3. In the United States, government plays a smaller role compared to other nations.
4. The size of government in the United States is larger in some issue areas but not in others.

45. Which of the following is most indicative of a laissez-faire system?

1. Low levels of state ownership and high levels of welfare benefits
2. Low levels of state ownership and low levels of welfare benefits
3. High levels of state ownership and high levels of welfare benefits
4. High levels of state ownership but low levels of welfare benefits

46. Japan and France shared what in common when it came to modernization?

1. Both modernized through an extensive welfare system.
2. Both modernized through extensive involvement of the state in the economy.
3. Both modernized through laissez-faire economics.
4. Both modernized because of their weak state systems.

47. Which of the following, if true, most undermines laissez-faire systems?

1. Government intervention limits economic growth.
2. Private enterprise makes the nation prosper.
3. Markets do not always regulate themselves.
4. Welfare systems create a culture of dependence.

48. France, Mexico, Brazil, and China demonstrate which of the following points based on your chapter?

1. The role of the government in the economy is usually stable.
2. The role of the government in welfare provision is usually stable.
3. Laissez-faire systems are always best.
4. Nations often adopt different aspects of more than one economic system.

49. Which of the following, if true, most undermines the French-type strong state argument?

1. State-owned industries made France an economic power.
2. Regionalism limits central government authority.
3. Government intervention in the economy is necessary due to market failures.
4. Other nations, like the United States modernized more quickly.

50. Which statement best depicts the conclusions from the chapter on the role of government in economic situations?

1. The answer depends on the nation in question and the particular circumstances.
2. Government intervention limits economic growth in most circumstances.
3. Markets usually do not always regulate themselves.
4. State intervention in economic matters is never necessary.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

51. Political institutions are the working structures of government.

52. Republics are usually ruled by a monarch chosen by heredity.

53. Weak states typically have no national government.

54. In France, first-order civil divisions are known as departments.

55. Decentralizing power involves concentrating power in the national government.

56. The United States had a federal system of government under the Articles of Confederation.

57. In the United States, power shifted from the national government to the states during the Reagan Presidency in a process known as devolution.

58. Multi-party systems often have higher voter turnout than two party systems.

59. Gerrymandering by the majority party in the state legislature can result in that party maintaining political control even when the opposing party receives more votes.

60. Statist systems of government often provided generous welfare benefits.

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS

61. _________ is the term for the absence of government.

62. Great Britain’s ruling system is a __________, but the Queen is mostly a figurehead.

63. __________ are characterized by the penetration of crime into politics.

64. Warlords, militias, and other gun wielders often take the place of the national government in __________.

65. __________ is where power is balanced between the nation’s capital and autonomous subdivisions.

66. Japan’s first-order civil divisions are known as __________.

67. Germany has a __________ of government because the local governments have only the autonomy granted to them by the national government.

68. Single-member districts with plurality elections tend to produce __________ parties.

69. The d’Hondt mathematical formula is often used to determine seats based on the percentage of votes in __________ systems.

70. __________ has been replaced by more free market economies in Europe and Latin America.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

71. How are institutions bigger than individual leaders? Give an example.

72. Differentiate between primary and secondary sources? What are potential drawbacks of some sources?

73. What are some advantages of America’s federal system of government?

74. What does gerrymandering do for democracy?

75. How might modernization have been different had France had less involvement in the economy?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

76. Evaluate Aristotle’s six types of government. How might this classification be useful today?

77. Distinguish between effective, weak, and failed states.

78. Contrast unitary and federal systems of government. Identify a strength and weakness of each system.

79. Explain the relationship between electoral systems and party systems.

80. What are the ways that the state may relate to the economy?

Chapter 5-      Constitutions and Rights

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Muslims in the United States, who make up a relatively small percentage of the population, would be classified as __________.

1. minorities
2. majorities
3. conservatives
4. liberals

2. A written document outlining the structure of a political system is a __________.

1. statute
2. constitution
3. state duma
4. basic law

3. The Constitution of the United States is __________.

1. relatively new
2. relatively long
3. relatively short
4. absent of ambiguity

4. Japan’s Constitution was drafted by the United States in __________.

1. 1940
2. 1946
3. 1956
4. 1960

5. Which statement best depicts how Japan’s constitution varies from the Unites States’?

1. Japan’s constitution is shorter.
2. Japan’s constitution is more detailed but provides fewer rights to the people.
3. Japan’s constitution is more detailed and provides more rights to the people.
4. Japan’s constitution is older.

6. Which of the following might be said about the Brazilian Constitution?

1. It conferred too few rights to protect the people.
2. It conferred too many rights for the government to guarantee.
3. It is outdated.
4. It is too new to evaluate.

7. Which statement best describes Britain in terms of providing codified rights to the people?

1. Britain has had codified rights dating back to the 10th
2. Britain has had codified rights dating back to the 15th
3. Britain has had codified rights dating back to the 1940s.
4. Britain has had codified rights since 2000.

8. Based on your text, which provision might be in Germany’s constitution?

1. Guaranteed support for private schools
2. Limitations on government involvement in economic matters
3. Limitations on government involvement in social matters
4. Provisions that provide support for the unemployed

9. Which of the following, if true, would make implementing a constitution more difficult?

1. A democratic system of government
2. A multi-party system of government
3. A dictatorial system of government
4. A laissez-faire system of government

10. Which of the following might you infer from a constitution that is relatively long and detailed?

1. The constitution is probably relatively new.
2. The constitution is probably relatively old.
3. The constitution is probably relatively vague.
4. The constitution is probably relatively restrictive on rights.

11. The ability of courts to decide if laws are constitutional is referred to as __________.

1. judicial review
2. judicial activism
3. judicial restraint
4. basic law

12. The concept of Basic Law originated in which country?

1. Britain
2. France
3. Germany
4. United States

13. The State Duma is the legislature in what country?

1. Ireland
2. Sweden
3. Russia
4. Germany

14. A constituent assembly is __________.

1. a legislature convened to draft a new constitution
2. a term for the legislative branch in most countries
3. a judicial body
4. a meeting of potential voters

15. The Magna Carta did which of the following?

1. Granted democracy to the citizens
2. Limited the King’s power
3. Extended the King’s power
4. Eliminated the monarchy

16. Japan and the United States have which of the following in common when it comes to amending their respective constitutions?

1. Neither country has ever done it.
2. Both countries do it frequently.
3. It is difficult to do in both countries.
4. The people of both countries must vote on constitutional amendments.

17. The facts that the President of the United States is Commander in Chief of the Military and that the judicial branch interprets laws are indicative of __________.

1. basic Laws
2. judicial activism
3. judicial restraint
4. separation of powers

18. Judicial activism refers to __________.

1. liberal judges
2. conservative judges
3. judicial restraint by judges
4. willingness to override legislatures

19. Yugoslavia demonstrates what potential problem when it comes to constitutions?

1. The danger of providing too many rights
2. The danger of providing too few rights
3. The danger of constitutional experimentation
4. The danger of failing to update their constitution

20. Which of the following is a potential problem with judicial review?

1. Conservative or liberal judges may rule based on their beliefs.
2. Constitutions are always clear.
3. Lawmakers make laws that comply with constitutions.
4. Judicial review is spelled out in all constitutions.

21. What does the lawgiver, Hammurabi, contribute to our current discussion of constitutions?

1. Statutes are meant to adjust to the times.
2. Laws are not necessary because of people’s good will.
3. Constitutions should be easy to revise.
4. Codified laws are necessary, as is a clear supreme law of the land.

22. What can we conclude from the phrase “ensure domestic tranquility” in the U.S. Constitution?

1. Little, because the Preamble is vague and has questionable legal force
2. That the government must provide a peaceful society
3. That the government must provide for the general welfare
4. A great deal because of the clarity of the language

23. The Internment of Japanese Americans during World War II demonstrates which of the following?

1. The dangers of communism
2. The dangers of the red scare
3. That even democracies can do away with civil liberties during war time
4. That even ordinary people can be a threat to society

24. Which of the following, if true, best explains why Constitutions are difficult to amend?

1. Lawmakers may change their views relatively quickly.
2. Constitutions often include a great deal of detail.
3. Constitutions are often vague.
4. Constitutions are often very long.

25. The Universal Declaration on Human Rights includes the rights to __________.

1. a job
2. a car
3. assembly
4. declare war

26. Proposition 227 in California dealt with which one of the following issues?

1. Immigration
2. Same-sex marriage
3. Taxes
4. Bilingual education

27. The issue of what role government should take in preserving cultural uniqueness is the basis for __________.

1. immigration
2. multiculturalism
3. cultural pluralism
4. ethnicism

28. In reaction to Nazi and Japanese actions during World War II, the UN General Assembly did which of the following?

1. Revoked Germany and Japan’s charters
2. Adopted the Universal Declaration on Human Rights
3. Sent the UN armies into Germany and Japan
4. Authorized a relocation program for refugees

29. Which can be said of minority groups?

1. They exist in most countries
2. They generally have greater protections of civil liberties than majorities
3. Few countries have significant minority populations
4. Most minority groups live in the Northern hemisphere

30. Algerians in France and Pakistanis in Great Britain have what in common?

1. They have both been placed in internment camps.
2. They generally have greater protections of civil liberties than majorities.
3. They are pressured to conform with their dominant cultures.
4. They speak the same native languages.

31. How many votes are needed to overcome the filibuster in the U.S. Senate?

1. 50
2. 60
3. 67
4. 75

32. The District of Columbia v. Heller case dealt with which one of the following issues?

1. Immigration
2. Bilingual education
3. Taxes
4. Gun rights

33. The District of Columbia v. Heller case dealt with which one of the following U.S. Constitutional Amendments?

1. First
2. Second
3. Fifth
4. Tenth

34. Some people view the right of having a job as a(n) __________ right.

1. natural
2. human
3. economic
4. civil

35. The right to vote is usually viewed as a(n) __________ right.

1. human
2. civil
3. economic
4. natural

36. Examples of __________ rights include life and liberty.

1. constructed
2. civil
3. economic
4. natural

37. Which of the following might Jeremy Bentham have agreed with?

1. Rights are natural in origin.
2. Higher level rights should be protected.
3. Rights are a social construction.
4. Economic rights are natural rights.

38. Which is an example of a socially constructed concept?

1. Something that is God’s will according to early thinkers.
2. The right to life shall not be deprived without good cause.
3. The right to liberty shall not be deprived without good cause.
4. The right to unemployment insurance is guaranteed by some governments.

39. Which ordering places rights from most basic to highest?

1. Natural, economic, civil
2. Natural, civil, economic
3. Economic, civil, natural
4. Civil, economic, natural

40. The “red scare” involved fear of __________.
41. the Supreme Court
42. judicial activism
43. Socialism
44. Communism

41. Which U.S. Constitutional Amendment protects free speech rights?

1. First
2. Second
3. Third
4. Fourth

42. __________ rights protect detainees from guilt without a trial.

1. Economic
2. Habeas corpus
3. Sedition
4. Imprisonment

43. The Clear and Present danger doctrine deals with what issue?

1. Sedition
2. Gun rights
3. Communism
4. Economic rights

44. How do American free speech rights compare to European nations?

1. In America, free speech rights are more extensive than in Europe.
2. In America, free speech rights are less extensive than in Europe.
3. In America, free speech rights are about the same than in Europe.
4. In America, free speech is prohibited unless it presents a “Clear and Present Danger.”

45. Which of the following is generally the case for restrictions of free speech in America?

1. Speech has never been restricted in America.
2. Speech rights are usually restricted in America.
3. Speech rights are more restricted during war times or when the nation is under threat.
4. Speech rights are less restricted during war times or when the nation is under threat.

46. The Pentagon Papers case would generally be seen as __________.

1. a victory for those concerned with sedition against the government
2. a victory for those concerned about the threat of communism
3. a victory for those concerned with abuses by President Nixon’s opponents
4. a victory for those concerned with rights of the press

47. Gitlow v. New York and Scales v. the United States have which of the following in common?

1. These cases demonstrated the limits of government in dealing with terrorism.
2. These cases demonstrated the limits of governments in dealing with sedition.
3. These cases demonstrated that civil liberties and rights are curtailed when the government is under threat.
4. These cases established unrestricted freedom of speech rights for citizens.

48. Which of the following, if true, best supports arguments in favor of comparing campaign contributions to speech rights?

1. Corporations and Super-PACs express themselves through contributions.
2. Corporations and Super PACs have extensive influence through their campaign contributions.
3. Corporations and Super-PACs do not represent the will of the people.
4. Corporations and Super-PACs can contribute more than other interests.

49. Which scenario would most likely result in restrictions of free speech?

1. Joining the American Communist Party
2. Criticizing the president when the nation goes to war
3. Attempting to discourage people from enlisting in the military during a draft
4. Expressing unpopular opinions in the newspaper

50. Which conclusion comports with the current rights of prisoners held captive as part of the United States’ war on terrorism?

1. Suspected terrorists do not have any constitutional protections.
2. Suspected terrorists have all constitutional protections of ordinary citizens.
3. Suspected terrorists have some access to the court system, but there is still a lack of clarity on the matter.
4. Suspected terrorists must be deported within 60 days of their detention.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

51. A 40-hour work week is specified in the Brazilian Constitution.

52. Britain was the first nation to guarantee individual rights and freedoms in its Constitution.

53. During World War II, the United States government deprived Japanese Americans of due process rights and interned them.

54. In the United States, the separation of powers gives Congress lawmaking authority, while the presidency administers the law.

55. Proposition 227 ended bilingual education in California in 1998.

56. Your book demonstrates that civil rights and liberties, even today, are still violated by both the developing world and western democracies.

57. In District of Columbia v. Heller (2008), the Supreme Court ruled that the District of Columbia’s gun restrictions did not violate the Second Amendment of the Constitution.

58. The term “constructed” refers to something that is recent and artificial, often wrongly assumed to be old and hallowed.

59. Sedition is heavy criticism of the government or officials aimed at producing discontent or rebellion.

60. The Pentagon Papers dealt with freedom of religion.

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS

61. A(n) __________ is a written document outlining the structure of a political system.

62. __________ is the unwillingness of judges to overturn statutes passed by the legislature.

63. If a legislature passes a law that violates the Constitution, a judge might practice __________ and strike the law down.

64. People in the American South may prefer a limited role of government in the economy, while those in the Northeast may favor greater government involvement. These two areas have very different __________.

65. The fact that in the United State there are a variety of ethnic groups and some speak languages other than English deals with the issue of __________.

66. Voting is typically viewed as a __________ right.

67. To the Founders of the United States, life and liberty are examples of __________, which should be automatically granted.

68. The Constitution’s militia clause is found in the __________.

69. Exaggerated fear of Communist subversion was known as a __________.

70. The Bush Administration denied “unlawful enemy combatants” __________ rights prior to the 2004 Supreme Court decision dealing with the matter.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

71. Distinguish between constitutions and statutes.

72. What are the dangers of changing Constitutions frequently? Give an example where this has been a problem.

73. Explain the debate over multiculturalism.

74. How can a “red scare” limit speech?

75. Evaluate the controversy over whether or not terrorists have rights in the United States.

ESSAY QUESTIONS

76. Explain the purposes of constitutions. Why are they necessary?

77. How are powers separated in the United States? How might this separation change over time?

78. Where do rights come from? Evaluate the arguments for whether or not they are artificial.

79. Evaluate the Constitutional claims on the issue of gun rights in the United States.

80. Trace the right of free speech as it relates to sedition in the United States. How has interpretation of the Constitution changed over time?

Chapter 6-      Regimes

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which type of regime has an obedient media, state-supervised interest groups, and pervasive corruption?

1. A) Transitional
2. B) Democratic
3. C) Authoritarian
4. D) Totalitarian

2. How many parties exist in a totalitarian regime?

1. A) Several
2. B) Two
3. C) One
4. D) Varying, depending on election year

3. In Iraq __________ vote for different parties, making governance complicated and often violent.

1. A) Sunnis and Shiites
2. B) men and women
3. C) the young and the old
4. D) the wealthy and the poor

4. Though rare, a “true” democracy, is a system in which __________.

1. A) all citizens meet periodically to elect officials
2. B) all citizens meet periodically to elect officials and personally enact laws
3. C) popular accountability is common, but political competition is extremely limited
4. D) the wealthy almost always have greater influence than the poor

5. Recall one unstated but important function of alternation in power.

1. A) The guarantee of economic growth
2. B) An inherently peaceful turnover of power
3. C) Control of corruption
4. D) The encouraging of civil disobedience

6. A media that is critical of its nation’s government is typically indicative of __________.

1. A) the degree of democracy in a country
2. B) the health of a nation’s economy
3. C) the degree of wealth in a nation
4. D) the overall weakness of a nation

7. Though some specify term limits, most democratic systems allow for __________.

1. A) reelection
2. B) institutionalized dynasties
3. C) opposition activity only just before the election
4. D) the selling of congressional seats

8. Which of the following countries is, arguably, a “fake democracy”?

1. A) France
2. B) Germany
3. C) Cuba
4. D) Russia

9. Which country has recently become more authoritarian?

1. A) Cuba
2. B) China
3. C) Spain
4. D) Venezuela

10. The non-violent civil rights campaigner, Martin Luther King, and his followers changed both the __________ of America.

1. A) religion and psychology
2. B) laws and the psychology
3. C) laws and economy
4. D) public policy and educational system

11. What is the relationship between alternation in power and democratic elections?

1. A) Neither one are usually accompanied by peaceful protest.
2. B) Both are heavily dependent on religion playing a minimal role.
3. C) Both depend upon groups of citizens voting automatically for a given party.
4. D) Both must have must have an element of uncertainty and fluidity.

12. What is evidence for the usefulness of social media in relation to democracy?

1. A) Text messaging, Twitter, Facebook, and TV media helped catalyze the “Arab Spring.”
2. B) Myspace played an indispensable role in the Chinese democracy movement that led to Tiananmen Square.
3. C) The U.S. Press has been called “the fourth branch of government.”
4. D) Social media has contributed to the strengthening of government authority through its tendency toward supporting government positions.

13. What German thinker argued that any organization, no matter how democratic its intent, ends up run by a small elite?

1. A) Thomas Hobbes
2. B) Robert Michels
3. C) C. Wright Mills
4. D) Robert Dahl

14. Who can organize a group to protest or demand something from politicians?

1. A) Almost exclusively those citizens most in touch with policy issues
2. B) Only the most well-connected citizens
3. C) Primarily wealthiest citizens
4. D) Just about any group of citizens

15. Conservative billionaires generously funded pro-Romney __________ and yet still lost the 2012 presidential election.

1. A) politicians
2. B) policies
3. C) super-PACs
4. D) social media

16. 16. Describe the more accurate reflection of reality regarding elite and pluralist theories: a view of society as __________.

1. A) many billiard balls colliding with each other and with government policy
2. B) a series of small pyramids, each capped by an elite
3. C) many billiard balls, each sitting beneath a pyramid
4. D) a single pyramid, with many elite at the top

17. 17. Modern elite theorists tend to be __________, contrary to what one might assume.

1. A) radicals
2. B) conservatives
3. C) evangelical Christians
4. D) libertarians

18. The wealthiest 1 percent of Americans received the biggest of the Bush administration’s 2001 tax cuts, which some would argue is an example of __________.

1. A) government being too big
2. B) the unaccountable nature of elites
3. C) political power benefitting those with money and connections
4. D) good public policy

19. How do elitists compare to pluralists, in regards to accountability to the masses?

1. A) Those who argue that elites are little accountable are elite theorists; those who argue that elites are only mildly accountable are
2. B) Those who argue that pluralists are little accountable are elite theorists; those who argue that elites are ultimately accountable are
3. C) Those who argue that elites are very accountable are elite theorists; those who argue that elites are ultimately accountable are pluralists.
4. D) Those who argue that elites are little accountable are elite theorists; those who argue that elites are ultimately accountable are pluralists.

20. 20. Totalitarianism began with __________.

1. A) Mao Zedong’s rise and the fomenting of the Chinese Soviet Republic in 1931
2. B) Mussolini’s coming to power in Italy in 1922
3. C) Hitler’s rise in Germany in 1933
4. D) Lenin’s 1917 seizure of power in Russia

21. 21. Right-wing totalitarianism does not desire revolution; instead, it attempts to block __________.

1. A) a leftist revolution
2. B) ethnic turmoil
3. C) an Islamic fundamentalist movement
4. D) a libertarian revolution

22. 22. The mass media in totalitarian states __________.

1. A) show the system is functioning well under wise leaders, while practicing a mildly critical attitude toward the official ideology
2. B) question the system, but still push the official ideology
3. C) show the system is functioning well under wise leaders, and sell the official ideology
4. D) question the system only in times of crisis, otherwise selling the official ideology

23. 23. __________ states regularly use organized terror and violence against their citizens to maintain control and achieve their go

1. A) Authoritarian
2. B) Transitional
3. C) Oligarchic
4. D) Totalitarian

24. 24. Describe the purpose of total control as relates to the image of the state.

1. A) To reveal the state as genuine and open entity
2. B) To excuse the state’s invasive and/or violent political measures
3. C) To convey to the citizens a perception of only everyday order
4. D) To convey to visitors a perception of nearly perfect order

25. 25. What country is a contemporary example of a totalitarian regime?

1. A) Iran
2. B) North Korea
3. C) Vietnam
4. D) China

26. 26. The Nazi Gestapo, the Soviet NKVD under Stalin, and Mussolini’s OVRA had no judicial restraints. How is this indicative of the totalitarian state’s embrace of organized terror?

1. A) In an effort to keep the military from seeking too much power, security police utilize both physical and psychological methods.
2. B) In an effort to keep the people cowed, security police utilize both physical and psychological methods.
3. C) In an effort to keep the people cowed, security police solely utilize physical methods.
4. D) In an effort to keep the people cowed, security police solely utilize psychological methods.

27. How do totalitarian regimes eliminate armed resistance?

1. A) They hold a monopoly on all weapons.
2. B) They attempt to pacify the people by encouraging peaceful protest.
3. C) They attempt to distract the people with entertainment and sports.
4. D) They ensure that the only weapons the people have access to are manual action.

28. What are features of an all-encompassing ideology?

1. A) An official theory of history and economics, a portrayal of the world in black-and-white terms, and acceptance of an imperfect society
2. B) An official theory of history and economics, a portrayal of the world in black-and-white terms, and claims of a perfect society
3. C) An eclectic sense of history and economics, a portrayal of the world in complex terms, and claims of a perfect society
4. D) An official theory of history and economics, a portrayal of the world in complex terms, and claims of a perfect society

29. 29. Venezuela is considered what type of authoritarian regime?

1. A) Military
2. B) Personalistic
3. C) Limited monarchy
4. D) Dominant-party

30. Which ambassador to the UN argued that there is a difference between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes?

1. A) Francisco Franco
2. B) Jeane J. Kirkpatrick
3. C) Robert Mugabe
4. D) Adlai Stevenson

31. __________ showed an early form of authoritarianism with his famous phrase: “The state—that’s me.”

1. A) Francisco Franco
2. B) Fidel Castro
3. C) Queen Anne
4. D) Louis XIV

32. Which of the following is a cause for democratic failure?

1. Wealth
2. Minor inequality
3. No middle class
4. d. Expansive civil society

33. Describe “authoritarian” capitalism.

1. A) The regime allows partially market economies, and loosely controlled political activities.
2. B) The regime allows partially market economies, but tightly retains political control.
3. C) The regime tightly controls market economies, but allows freedom of political activity.
4. D) The regime allows partially market economies, but tightly retains control of infrastructure.

34. What happened to democracy in formerly colonized nations after World War II?

1. A) Democracy was relatively quickly replaced by authoritarianism.
2. B) Democracy flourished.
3. C) Libertarianism quickly replaced democracy.
4. D) Religious political movements began to strongly flavor democracy.

35. In Zimbabwe, in 2008, Robert Mugabe was kept in power through miscounted elections. This is an example of __________.

1. A) the sway that authoritarianism holds in much of the third world
2. B) corruption being largely a problem of the developed world
3. C) the inherent and natural complexities of the electoral system
4. D) the sway that totalitarianism holds in much of the third world

36. 36. Spain, under Franco, was an example of what type of authoritarian regime?

1. A) Military
2. B) Personalistic
3. C) Traditional monarchy
4. D) Dominant-party

37. What are the main types of authoritarianism?

1. A) Military, personalistic, traditional plutarchy, dominant-party, and single-party
2. B) Security, personalistic, traditional monarchy, dominant-party, and single-party
3. C) Military, personalistic, traditional monarchy, dominant-party, and single-party
4. D) Military, pluarlistic, traditional monarchy, dominant-party, and single-party

38. Why might authoritarianism have spread in newly independent nations around the early mid-twentieth century?

1. A) Though colonialists had encouraged democracy; there was a lack of individualism and market economies, levels of education and income were low.
2. B) Colonialists had never encouraged democracy; there was too much individualism and levels of education and income were low.
3. C) Colonialists had never encouraged democracy; there was a lack of individualism and market economies, and levels of education and income were low.
4. D) Though colonialists had encouraged democracy, and there was a tradition of individualism and market economies, levels of education and income were low.

39. What is the difference between “traditional” authoritarianism and totalitarianism?

1. A) “Traditional” authoritarianism seeks political passivity and obedience rather than enthusiastic participation and mobilization.
2. B) “Traditional” authoritarianism seeks political passivity and civil disobedience rather than enthusiastic participation and mobilization.
3. C) “Traditional” authoritarianism seeks political activity and obedience rather than enthusiastic participation and mobilization.
4. D) “Traditional” authoritarianism seeks political passivity and obedience rather than enthusiastic dissent.

40. More than half the world’s nations are at least a bit __________.

1. A) theocratic
2. B) democratic
3. C) authoritarian
4. D) oligarchic

41. The collapse of Communist regimes shows the role of the __________ in a

negative sense.

1. A) middle classes
2. B) dictator
3. C) church
4. D) economy

42. What two types of regimes have contributed to the latest wave of democracy?

1. A) Authoritarian and communist
2. B) Communist and totalitarian
3. C) Authoritarian and totalitarian
4. D) Theocratic and communist

43. How have economics managed to transform authoritarian regimes?

1. A) Growing economies have transformed whole societies into a democracy.
2. B) Growing economies have transformed minimal aspects of societies into more democratic systems.
3. C) Dwindling economies have spurred even greater authoritarianism.
4. D) Dwindling economies have spurred democratic change in hopes that such a change might spur the economy.

44. Oil exports retard democracy because they concentrate __________ in the hands of a few.

1. A) wealth and power
2. B) knowledge and wealth
3. C) power and knowledge
4. D) ideology and wealth

45. Some voters, never having known democracy, turn to authoritarian figures who promise to restore __________.

1. A) the power of elites and incomes
2. B) ties with the outside world and stability
3. C) stability and incomes
4. D) stability and military prowess

46. What prepares a people’s democratic attitudes?

1. A) Guidance from powerful elites
2. B) A liberal intellectual bent
3. C) Having fomented and carried out a revolution
4. D) Centuries of religious and philosophical evolution

47. Describe the relationship of citizens of petrostates to their governments.

1. A) Citizens stand independent of the government with regard to employment, but do not form an autonomous, pluralistic middle class.
2. B) Citizens depend on the government for jobs and handouts, but form an autonomous, pluralistic middle class.
3. C) Citizens depend on the government for jobs and handouts and do not form an autonomous, pluralistic middle class.
4. D) Citizens stand independent of the government with regard to employment, and tend to form an autonomous, pluralistic middle class.

48. Explain how Russia might be described as a kleptocracy.

1. A) The executive is relatively powerful; the parliament is weak; the oil and gas sectors are under both private and government control, as is most of the popular media, aiding in the support of a middle class.
2. B) The executive is extremely powerful; the parliament is weak; the oil and gas sectors are under private control, as is most of the popular media, creating a diverse and complex economy.
3. C) The executive is extremely powerful; the parliament is weak; the oil and gas sectors are under government control, as is most of the popular media, leaving a select few to get rich.
4. D) The executive is relatively powerful; the parliament is relatively powerful; the oil and gas sectors are under government control, but the popular media is not, leaving a select few to get rich.

49. Why do democracies tend to fail in poor countries?

1. A) Economic growth creates a large upper class; education levels rise; people increasingly recognize their interests and express them; pluralism; the market itself teaches citizens to be government-reliant.
2. B) Economic growth creates a large middle class; entrepreneurship levels rise; people increasingly recognize their interests and though they rarely express them; pluralism; the market itself teaches citizens about self-reliance, pluralism, tolerance, and not expecting too much.
3. C) Economic growth creates a large middle class; education levels rise; the market itself teaches citizens about self-reliance, pluralism, tolerance, and not expecting too much.
4. D) Economic growth creates a large middle class; education levels rise; people increasingly recognize their interests and express them; pluralism; the market itself teaches citizens about self-reliance, pluralism, tolerance, and not expecting too much.

50. How do the experiences of Poland and the Czech Republic differ from that of Hungary, as relates to transitions into democracy?

1. A) Poland and the Czech Republic have created lasting democracies, while Hungary has shown shades of authoritarianism.
2. B) Poland and the Czech Republic have created lasting democracies, while Hungary has shown shades of totalitarianism.
3. C) Poland and the Czech Republic have shown shades of authoritarianism, while Hungary has created a lasting democracy.
4. D) Poland and the Czech Republic have created lasting kleptocracies, while Hungary has shown shades of democracy.

TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

51. Egypt is indicative of a democratic regime.

52. 52. Until the nineteenth century democracy carried a positive connotation.

53. 53. The statement: “All men recognize the right of revolution; that is, the right to refuse allegiance to, and to resist, the government, when its tyranny or its inefficiency are great and unendurable,” is representative of a healthy relationship to civil disobedience.

54. 54. All political scientists agree that in democracy elites make the actual decisions while the masses generally go along with

55. 55. The fact that Yale graduates George Bush and John Kerry were both members of the super-elite and secretive Skull and Bones society is an example of money and connections giving elites access to political power.

56. 56. Totalitarian governments can usually only be ousted if the entire regime collap

57. 57. Totalitarian governments can usually only be ousted if the entire regime collap

58. 58. Postcolonial leaders having picked up socialist views while students in Europe contributed to the proliferation of authoritarian regimes in developing nations.

59. 59. Rigged elections in nations like Zimbabwe confirm the rule of any variety of parties.

60. Petrostates, like those around the Persian Gulf, are not ripe for democracy but are ripe for overthrow.

FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

61. Brazil is considered __________ by the Select Freedom House 2012 Rankings, which measures degrees of democracy.

62. Sponsors of __________ can oversimplify and manipulate issues, despite their appearance of being very democratic.

63. The U.S. congress reluctantly voted for the 2008 and 2009 financial bailouts, as opinion ran against those bailouts, abandoning the __________ theory to act as trustees for the public good.

64. The U.S. oil industry, in which George W. Bush and Dick Cheney had been executives, were given __________ by those men during their time in office together, an example of the access elites have to political power.

65. Secret arrests, imprisonment, and torture are made possible under totalitarian regimes, as __________ guarantees either do not exist or are ignored.

66. The twentieth century version of __________ is quite different from the autocracies of centuries past.

67. In an authoritarian regime legislator’s __________ the dictator’s laws, and puppet prime ministers and cabinet’s carry them out.

68. Niger’s version of authoritarianism is of the __________ type.

69. In most middle-income and __________ nations democracy tends to last.

70. Democracy is dependent for its growth, at least in part, on a __________ economy.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

71. What is the main idea of popular accountability of government?

72. Compare and contrast elites and pluralists.

73. How are security forces an example of a tool of organized terror?

74. How are security forces an example of a tool of organized terror?

75. How does authoritarianism in developing nations contrast with authoritarianism in the global north?

ESSAY QUESTIONS

76. 76. There are different types of democracy. Explain the differences between representative democracy and direct democracy. Which type of democracy does the S. have and why? Also, how are liberal and illiberal democracies different? Provide at least one example of each.

77. 77. The textbook presents a few main modern regime typ What are they and what countries exemplify each type? What are the key differences in these regime types? In other words, what details distinguish them from one another – use historical examples from the text to aid in your explanation?

78. 78. What is totalitarianism? What are the essential elements in a totalitarian regime? Specifically, what are the roles of the state and what is the relationship between state and society? How is totalitarianism different than authoritarianism? What are some examples of totalitarianism that make these differences clear?

79. 79. What is authoritarianism? What factors would lead us to conclude that a regime is authoritarian, as opposed to democratic or totalitarian? What are the five types of authoritarianism and how do they differ? Provide examples of each of the five types in your an

80. 80. What types of states are most likely to become authoritarian? Why? Along the same lines, what authoritarian states have been most likely to democratize? Under what circumstances does this democratization occur and why? Based on previous findings, describe one country you think is likely to democratize in the near futu