DeVry ETHC 445 Final Exam - NEW 2017

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Page One This exam covers all 14 TCO's. For each of the following multiple choice questions, please select the Philosophy (and/or Philosopher) which best goes with each description below. 

Question 1.1. (TCOs 2, 4, 5, 6) The idea that the assisted suicide of terminally ill patients should be always prohibited reflects what type of ethics? (Points : 5) Aristotle's Doctrine of the Mean Kant's Categorical Imperative in the 1st Formulation) Hobbes' concept of the State of Nature Thomas Aquinas' concept of Natural Law Bentham's principle of pleasure and pain 


Question 2.2. (TCOs 1, 2, 7) What is the moral ideal of prudence? (Points : 5) Taking a traditional approach to problematic situations Choosing behavior judiciously by consulting experience Taking care to slow down decision making Avoiding risks Resisting impulsiveness 


Question 3.3. (TCOs 1, 2) One of the common errors in Ethics is that of the hasty conclusions. Hasty conclusions consist of what? (Points : 5) Rushed work under pressure Comparing unknown cases to known ones to find precedents Embracing conclusions before examining cases fully Judging cases by the source of their origin Belief that first impressions are valid until challenged 


Question 4.4. (TCO 2) Prescriptive language used in ethical discussions is characterized by which of the following words? (Points : 5) Cannot be Could be Used to be Should be Must be 



Question 5.5. (TCOs 7, 8) Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests. (Points : 5) Utilitarianism Kant's Categorical Imperative Social Contract Theory Ethical Egoism Gilligan 


Question 6.6. (TCOs 2, 4, 9) "The right thing to do is to follow the rules that rational, self-interested people can agree to establish for their mutual benefit." This is a belief of what? (Points : 5) Ethical Egoism Utilitarianism Kant's Categorical Imperative Social Contract Theory Marxism 



Question 7.7. (TCOs 3, 6) Animal sentience is demonstrated by all the following except which one? (Points : 5) Consciousness Awareness Response to external painful stimuli Animatedness Emotive response 


Question 8.8. (TCOs 3, 6, 7) Kant said that the only thing "good without qualification" is what? (Points : 5) The best interests of all concerned Acts of mercy The amount of happiness produced Personal virtues A good will 


Question 9.9. (TCOs 8, 9) Which ethical concept is organized and directed toward following the greatest happiness principle? (Points : 5) Natural ethics and law Justice and mercy Rights and responsibilities Virtue-ethics of excellence Principle of utility 


Question 10.10. (TCOs 3, 6, 7) Syllogisms in formal deductive logic are called "sound" when the syllogism is determined to be "valid" and: (Points : 5) the premises share common terminology. there are three or more premises. the premises are true statements. all of the premises are written in present tense. the premises have been independently cited. 


Question 11.11. (TCOs 1, 2) When choosing one course of action while working with a dilemma, the other courses of action are lost and become unavailable. This makes ethical choices in dilemma situations particularly what? (Points : 5) Incoherent Complicated Illogical Painful Cruel 


Question 12.12. (TCOs 1, 2, 7) Where did Thomas Aquinas say that conscience originates? (Points : 5) Through the hard work of reasoning Direct gift from God in all cultures through natural law An a priori source By observing the objects and actions of the world An empirical response of guilt for past actions 


Question 13.13. (TCOs 2, 8) The rule or principle to be applied in making decisions is an example of which kind of ethical discovery process? (Points : 5) Principle of utility A posteriori rationality A priori rationality Empirical rationality Scientific method 


Question 14.14. (TCOs 1, 2, 5) The world view of ruthless and unending competition for property and wealth was spelled out in which of these concepts? (Points : 5) Locke’s notion of the natural state of man Rawls’ notion of the veil of ignorance Aristotle’s notion of the doctrine of the mean Hammurabi’s code of law Hobbes’ state of nature 


Question 15.15. (TCOs 3, 6, 7) Which school of ethics is primarily applied as a practical matter through rights and duties? (Points : 5) Objectivism Normative ethics Consequentialist ethics Deontological ethics Interdisciplinary ethics 


Question 16.16. (TCOs 2, 7, 8) Personal development and discovery through the repetition of good acts and study of virtue characterizes what ethicist? (Points : 5) Plato Aristotle Luther Augustine Socrates 


Question 17.17. (TCOs 2, 8) Professional codes of conduct serve what function for business and industry? (Points : 5) Allow businesses to avoid training professional staffers Enable transfer of valued employees across state lines Enable contracting of temporary employees Specify continuing education needs and requirements Providing assurance of the professional qualifications of members 


Question 18.18. (TCOs 2, 7) Aristotle's Ethical Doctrine of the Mean measured personal virtues on a scale that included the virtue itself, the excess of it, and the deficiency of it. If the virtue is GENEROSITY, and the excess is WASTEFULNESS, what is the deficiency? (Points : 5) Carefulness There is no deficiency Being broke (having no money) Stinginess Moderation 


Question 19.19. (TCOs 8, 9) The Ethical Resolution Models practiced during Week 6 provide people in conflict with greater opportunity to consider the consequences of their actions. What type of ethics is this? (Points : 5) Deontological Care-based Social Contract Aristotelian Utilitarian 


Question 20.20. (TCOs 1, 2) The Latin term a priori describes the origin of knowledge developed rationally, and the term a posteriori describes knowledge developed through observation and experience. What is an example of ethics is best described as discovered in an a priori manner? (Points : 5) Utilitarian ethics Objectivist ethics Deontological ethics Political ethics Scientific ethics




\ Question 1. 1. (TCOs 1, 2, 3, 7) In support of TCO #7 and in the Week 7 discussions, you developed and placed into the threaded discussions your personalized ethics statement of what has become important to you in the practice of ethics as you have practiced ethics during the course. Your first task in this question is to briefly present that personalized statement in just a few sentences before continuing with the question. Much of the rest of the exam will involve your working with that personalized statement through brief applications and cases. Use your ethical philosophy to solve the following ethical situation. Explain how your philosophy helped you make your decision. Anticipating the possibility that their soldiers may one day be captured by the enemy, some modern armies include in their basic training exposure to simulated yet intimidating torture techniques. That is, they subject their own troops to mild forms of simulated torture in order that they may learn how to resist torture and not divulge the plans and classified information that they know. Some other armies actually train through experience of torture. Is this practice justifiable ethically? If you believe it is justifiable only under certain conditions, specify the conditions. Explain and defend your position, and then explain how your ethical philosophy helped you come to this conclusion. (Points : 30) 



Question 2. 2. (TCOs 1, 2, 7) Analyze the following ethical situation using YOUR ethical philosophy. Read the situation and then in your answer, explain why this is an ethical situation, what the "issues" are, and how an "ethical" person would resolve them. Explain how YOUR ethical philosophy statement has helped you read a conclusion about how to resolve or analyze this situation. Construction companies must usually engage in competitive bidding for their contracts. This practice demands that they anticipate every material and labor cost months and even years ahead and commit themselves to complete a project for a specified amount of money. A mistake in calculating or a failure to anticipate a significant increase in prices can bankrupt a company. Consider the situation of the combination of the unexpected increase in lumber prices due to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan with multiple hurricanes in the United States in the past few years. 1. Would it be ethical for a company who had won a bid for a construction job before the increase in lumber prices, to use substandard materials in order to offset the increase in lumber prices after the fact? 2. Would it be ethical for a customer to hold the contractor to the original bid after unplanned and unprecedented lumber price increases occur, knowing it will cause the contractor to go bankrupt, or do the job at a huge loss? 3. How would your answer to #2 change if your customer was Donald Trump or a community pantry feeding program for the homeless. Explain. (Points : 30) Spellchecker 



Question 3. 3. (TCOs 1, 7, 9) How do you feel John Stuart Mill would have solved the above ethical situation differently or the same as you did using your philosophy? Please explain the reasons for the similarities or differences. (Points : 40) Spellchecker 



Question 4. 4. (TCOs 1, 2, 4, 9) John and Marsha are both married to other people and the parents of several children, and they are having an adulterous affair. One night, when they are meeting secretly, they witness a murder. They agree that they cannot risk reporting it without exposing their affair. The next day the body is found and within a week a suspect is apprehended and charged with first-degree murder. When John and Marsha see his picture in the newspaper, they realize that he is not the murderer. They meet again, discuss their dilemma, and decide that despite the new, dreadful development, they will not step forward as witnesses. Tell what ethical philosophy the John and Marsha are using, if any. Now, use your ethical philosophy statement to analyze the situation. Explain how, using your philosophy, you would have solved this situation either the same way as the characters in the situation did, or differently. The question surrounds the issue of coming clean about the murderer, not whether you would have engaged in the affair or not. (Thus, you cannot say, "I would never have the affair" as your solution. Pretend you are an advisor to the two of them--not that you are the two of them. What would YOU tell them to do at this point?) Why? (Points : 30) Spellchecker 



Question 5. 5. (TCOs 5, 6) You work for a grocery store and a new manager is hired to oversee your department. He comes into your department (the butcher shop) and explains to you that for the past 6 months, your department has been losing money for the store because of the waste and spoilage going on from having to discard unsold meat and poultry. He tells you that from now on, he wants you to package ground meat in smaller, more compact packages, with older meat on the bottom of the package (so it is not visible to the customer) and the fresher meat on the top, where it is visible to the customers. In this way, you can move more of the older meat and still receive the top dollar for it. As he leaves the department where you were having the discussion, he turns and says, "And by the way, one more month of losses like we had last month from this department, and you can kiss your job goodbye." Will you repackage the meat in the way he requested? Why or why not? Explain what ethical analysis you used to come to this conclusion. (Points : 30) 



r Question 6. 6. (TCOs 6, 8) Analyze your answer above using the Front Page of the Newspaper ethical dilemma resolution model. Show your steps. (Points : 40) Spellchecker