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Chapter 2
The Start of Life: Prenatal Development
2-1. The male reproductive
cell is called a(n)
a) sperm.
b) ovum.
c) gametes.
d) zygote.
Answer: a Page: 46 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-2. The female
reproductive cell is called the
a) gamete.
b) sperm.
c) zygote.
d) ovum.
Answer: d Page: 46 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-3. About an hour or so
after the sperm enters the ovum, the two gametes suddenly fuse, becoming one
cell called a
a) chromosome.
b) ovum.
c) zygote.
d) genes.
Answer: c Page: 46 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-4. What is the name of the new cell formed by the process
of fertilization?
a) sperm
b) zygote
c) ovum
d) gametes
Answer: b Page: 46 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-5. Male and female
reproductive cells are also known as
a) gametes.
b) zygotes.
c) genes.
d) chromosomes.
Answer: a Page: 46 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-6. What is the basic unit
of genetic information?
a) zygote
b) sperm
c) gene
d) gametes
Answer: c Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-7. The blueprints for
creating a person are stored and communicated in our
a) zygote.
b) genes.
c) gametes.
d) ovum.
Answer: b Pages: 47 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-8. Name the substance
that genes are composed of that determines the nature of each cell in the body
and how it will function.
a) chromosomes
b) gametes
c) zygotes
d) DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid)
Answer: d Page: 47 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-9. All genes are composed
of specific sequences of _______ molecules.
a) DNA
b) zygote
c) ovum
d) sperm
Answer: a Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-10. What is the name of
the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs?
a) genes
b) gametes
c) chromosomes
d) ovum
Answer: c Page: 47 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-11. Genes are arranged in
specific locations and in a specific order along ____ chromosomes.
a) 52
b) 23
c) 46
d) 54
Answer: c Page: 47 Level: Easy
LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-12. Rod-shaped
chromosomes, portions of DNA, are organized in ____ pairs.
a) 52
b) 23
c) 46
d) 54
Answer: b Page: 47 Level: Easy
LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-13. The process of
_______ accounts for the replication of most types of cells, so nearly all the
cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote.
a) meiosis
b) cell
division
c) mitosis
d) reproduction
Answer: c Pages: 47 Level: Difficult
LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-14. When gametes are
formed in the human body, this is called
a) division.
b) meiosis.
c) mitosis.
d) genetic
instruction.
Answer: b Page: 47 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-15. The potential for
vast diversity of human beings primarily resides in the nature of the processes
that underlie __________ cell division.
a) sperm
b) ovum
c) chromosome
d) gamete
Answer: d Page: 47 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-16. The ultimate outcome
of meiosis, in combination with other processes, is tens of _______ of genetic
combinations.
a) billions
b) millions
c) thousands
d) trillions
Answer: d Page: 47 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-17. Twins who are
genetically identical are called ________ twins.
a) gamete
b) monozygotic
c) dizygotic
d) zygote
Answer: b Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-18. Jason and Justin are
twins and are genetically identical. They are ________ twins.
a) gamete
b) dizygotic
c) monozygotic
d) zygote
Answer: c Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-19. Any differences in
future development of monozygotic twins can be attributed only to _________
factors.
a) genetic
b) chromosome
c) environmental
d) DNA
Answer: c Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-20. Twins who are
produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly
the same time are called ________ twins.
a) dizygotic
b) monozygotic
c) gamete
d) zygote
Answer: a Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-21. Evan and Evelyn are
twins but are not genetically identical. They are ________ twins.
a) gamete
b) dizygotic
c) monozygotic
d) zygote
Answer: b Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-22. ________ twins are no
more genetically similar than two siblings born at different times.
a) Dizygotic
b) Monozygotic
c) Gamete
d) Zygotic
Answer: a Page: 47 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-23. Multiple births have
_________ in the last 25 years due to fertility drugs and the rising average
age of mothers giving birth.
a) decreased
b) remained
the same
c) increased
d) varied up
and down
Answer: c Page: 48 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-24. The 23rd
pair of chromosomes in males contains the ___chromosome pair.
a) XX
b) XY
c) YX
d) YY
Answer: b Page: 48 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-25. If a child has an XX
pairing of the 23rd chromosomes, they will be
a) male.
b) monozygotic.
c) dizygotic.
d) female.
Answer: d Page: 48 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-26. The fact that the
______determines the gender of the child is leading to the development of
techniques that will allow parents to increase the chances of choosing the
child’s gender.
a) woman’s
ovum
b) man’s sperm
c) chromosome
type
d) chromosome
similarity
Answer: b Page: 48 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-27. The one trait that is
expressed when two competing traits are present is called
a) recessive.
b) genotype.
c) dominant.
d) phenotype.
Answer: c Page: 49 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-28. A trait within an
organism that is present but not expressed is called
a) dominant.
b) genotype.
c) phenotype.
d) recessive.
Answer: d Page: 49 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-29. An observable trait
is labeled
a) dominant.
b) recessive.
c) a genotype.
d) a phenotype.
Answer: d Page: 49 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-30. The underlying
combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an
organism is called
a) genotype.
b) phenotype.
c) dominant.
d) recessive.
Answer: a Page: 49 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-31. When a child inherits
similar genes for a given trait from his/her parents, the child is said to be
________ for that trait.
a) genotype
b) homozygous
c) phenotype
d) heterozygous
Answer: b Page: 49 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-32. Eric has blue eyes. Since the gene for blue eyes is
recessive, Eric must be ______ for that trait.
a) genotype
b) homozygous
c) phenotype
d) heterozygous
Answer: b Page: 49 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-33. When a child receives
different forms of a certain gene from his/her parents, he or she is said to be
a) dominant.
b) phenotype.
c) homozygous.
d) heterozygous.
Answer: d Page: 49 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-34. What is the name of
the inherited disorder in which a child is unable to make use of an essential
amino acid present in proteins found in milk and other foods and that has the
potential to cause brain damage and mental retardation?
a) heterozygous
b) phenylketonuria
(PKU)
c) homozygous
d) chromosome
deficiency
Answer: b Page: 49 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-35. In ________
inheritance, a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the
production of a particular trait.
a) X-lined
b) PKU
c) polygenic
d) heterozygous
Answer: c Page: 50 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-36. What type of gene is
considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome?
a) heterozygous
b) X-linked
c) homozygous
d) recessive
Answer: b Page: 50 Level: Easy
LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-37. What is the term for
the inherited blood-clotting disorder that has been a problem throughout the
royal families of Europe, such as the descendants of Queen Victoria ?
a) X-linked
b) PKU disease
c) polygenic
inheritance
d) hemophilia
Answer: d Page: 50 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-38. What is the term
applied to studying the effects of heredity on psychological characteristics
and behavior?
a) gene
sequence
b) mapping
c) behavioral
genetics
d) human
genome
Answer: c Page: 51 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-39. Humans have about
______ genes.
a) 50,000
b) 25,000
c) 100,000
d) 10,000
Answer: b Page: 51 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-40. Sometimes genes, for
no known reason(s), change their form in a process called
a) spontaneous
acceleration.
b) spontaneous
combustion.
c) spontaneous
mutation.
d) spontaneous
malformation.
Answer: c Page: 52 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-41. Jose has an extra
chromosome on the twenty-first pair of chromosomes. The disorder was once
referred to as mongolism. This will cause him to have
a) hemophilia
b) fragile X syndrome
c) sickle-cell anemia
d) Down
syndrome
Answer: d Page: 52 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-42. Sue has a disorder
that is produced by an injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing a mild
to moderate mental retardation. She has
a) Down
syndrome.
b) Tay-Sachs
disease.
c) fragile X
syndrome.
d) Klinefelter’s
syndrome.
Answer: c Page: 52 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-43. Toni has a blood
disorder that gets its name from the shape of the red blood cells. She would be
diagnosed with what disorder?
a) sickle-cell
anemia
b) hemophilia
c) Klinefelter’s syndrome
d) fragile X syndrome
Answer: a Page: 52-53
Level: Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-44. Tera has a disorder
that is untreatable and produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to
death. Her diagnosis would be
a) fragile X
syndrome.
b) Tay-Sachs
disease.
c) Klinefelter’s
syndrome.
d) hemophilia.
Answer: b Page: 53 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-45. Akili has the
disorder that results from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces
underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts. She has
a) Klinefelter’s
syndrome.
b) Down
syndrome.
c) Tay-Sachs
disease.
d) fragile X
syndrome.
Answer: a Page: 53 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-46. Scientists have
discovered that carrying the sickle-cell gene raises immunity to _______, which
is a common disease in West Africa .
a) hemophilia
b) blood
pressure
c) malaria
d) anemia
Answer: c Pages: 53 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-47. What is the
profession that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited
disorders?
a) psychological
counseling
b) disorders
counseling
c) genetic
counseling
d) family
counseling
Answer: c Page: 54 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 4.1
2-48. What is the name of
the earliest test that occurs in the 11th to 13th week of
pregnancy and can identify chromosomal abnormalities and other disorders, such
as heart problems?
a) amniocentesis
b) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
c) ultrasound
sonography
d) first-trimester
screen
Answer: d Page: 54 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-49. Huela is going to
have her first child and talks to her physician about assessing the health of
her unborn child. The physician recommends a test that combines a blood test
and ultrasound sonography. Which procedure was recommended?
a) amniocentesis
b) sonogram
c) first-trimester
screen
d) embryoscopy
Answer: c Page: 54 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-50. What is the process
in which high-frequency sound waves scan the mother’s womb to produce an image
of the unborn baby, whose size and shape can then be assessed?
a) first-trimester
screen
b) ultrasound
sonography
c) amniocentesis
d) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
Answer: b Page: 54 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-51. What is used to find
genetic defects and involves taking samples of the hair-like material that
surrounds the embryo?
a) karyotype
b) amniocentesis
c) ultrasound
sonography
d) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
Answer: d Page: 54-55
Level: Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-52. What is the more
invasive test that can be employed if blood tests and ultrasound have
identified a potential problem or if there is a family history of inherited disorders?
a) amniocentesis
b) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
c) ultrasound
sonography
d) first-trimester
screen
Answer: b Page: 54-55
Level: Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.3
2-53. What infrequently
used test is usually performed between the 8th and 11th
week of pregnancy but produces a risk of miscarriage of 1 in 100 to 1 in 200
pregnancies?
a) amniocentesis
b) ultrasound
sonography
c) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
d) first-trimester
screen
Answer: c Page: 54-55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-54. Name the process of
identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by
a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fetus.
a) amniocentesis
b) karyotype
c) ultrasound
sonography
d) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
Answer: a Page: 55 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-55. Amniocentesis is
carried out _____ weeks into the pregnancy.
a) 5 – 10
b) 10 – 15
c) 15 – 20
d) 20 – 25
Answer: c Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-56. Which test is carried
out 15 to 20 weeks into the pregnancy and allows the analysis of fetal cells
that can identify a variety of genetic defects with nearly 100% accuracy?
a) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
b) ultrasound
sonography
c) first-trimester
screen
d) amniocentesis
Answer: d Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-57. Which test can be
used to determine the sex of the child?
a) ultrasound
sonography
b) amniocentesis
c) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
d) first-trimester
screen
Answer: b Page: 55 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-58. Which test examines
the embryo or fetus during the first 23 weeks of pregnancy by means of a
fiber-optic device inserted through the cervix?
a) embryoscopy
b) amniocentesis
c) sonoembryology
d) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
Answer: a Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-59. Which test is
performed as early as week 5 and allows access to the fetal circulation and
direct visualization of the embryo, permitting the diagnosis of malformations?
a) amniocentesis
b) embryoscopy
c) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
d) sonoembryology
Answer: b Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-60. Which test procedure
is recommended if either parent carries Tay-Sachs, spina bifida, sickle-cell,
Down syndrome, muscular dystrophy, or Rh disease?
a) amniocentesis
b) embryoscopy
c) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
d) sonoembryology
Answer: a Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-61. Which test is
performed after 18 weeks of pregnancy by collecting a small amount of blood
from the umbilical cord for testing?
a) embryoscopy
b) amniocentesis
c) fetal blood
sampling (FBS)
d) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
Answer: c Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-62. Which test is used to
detect Down syndrome by collecting blood from the umbilical cord after the 18th
week of pregnancy?
a) fetal blood
sampling (FBS)
b) embryoscopy
c) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
d) amniocentesis
Answer: a Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-63. What procedure is
used to detect abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy, and involves
high-frequency transvaginal probes and digital visual processing?
a) fetal blood
sampling (FBS)
b) sonoembryology
c) embryoscopy
d) first-trimester
screen
Answer: b Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-64. Which procedure, in
combination with ultrasound, can detect more than 80% of all malformations
during the second trimester?
a) sonoembryology
b) fetal blood
sampling (FBS)
c) embryoscopy
d) amniocentesis
Answer: a Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-65. Which procedure
produces a visual image of the uterus, fetus, and placenta?
a) sonoembryology
b) sonogram
c) chorionic
villus sampling (CVS)
d) embryoscopy
Answer: b Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-66. Which procedure uses
very high frequency sound waves to detect structural abnormalities or multiple
pregnancies, measure fetal growth, judge gestational age, and evaluate uterine
abnormalities?
a) ultrasound
sonography
b) sonoembryology
c) embryoscopy
d) sonogram
Answer: a Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-67. Which testing
procedure uses high-frequency sound waves and is used as an adjunct to other
procedures such as amniocentesis?
a) sonogram
b) sonoembryology
c) ultrasound
sonography
d) embryoscopy
Answer: c Page: 55 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-68. Huntington’s disease
typically does not appear until people reach what age?
a) 50s
b) 20s
c) 70s
d) 40s
Answer: d Page: 55 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-69. Cynthia’s mother will
undergo a procedure to ensure her next child will be free of Fanconi anemia.
Which of the following procedure will be used?
a) preimplantation
genetic diagnosis
b) ultrasound
sonography
c) chorionic
villus sampling
d) genetic
ovum selling
Answer: a Page 57 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-70. What is the procedure
where cells are taken from an embryo and then replaced after the defective
genes they contain have been repaired?
a) germ line
therapy
b) genetic counseling
c) preimplantation
genetic diagnosis
d) fetal blood
sampling
Answer: a Page: 57 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-71. Patterns of arousal
and emotionality that represent consistent and enduring characteristics in an
individual are called
a) genetics.
b) genotype.
c) temperament.
d) phenotype.
Answer: c Page: 58 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-72. What is the term for
the determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental
factors, in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be
expressed?
a) multifactorial
transmission
b) inheritance
c) natural
selection
d) role of
environment
Answer: a Page: 59 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-73. Nature has provided
the potential to carry out various kinds of “natural experiments” in the form
of
a) genotypes.
b) twins.
c) phenotypes.
d) genetics.
Answer: b Page: 61 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-74. The closer the
genetic link between two individuals, the greater the correspondence between
their
a) weight.
b) blood
pressure.
c) IQ scores.
d) respiration
rate.
Answer: c Page: 62-63
Level: Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-75. Which researcher
argued that as much as 80% of intelligence is a result of heredity?
a) Freud
b) Erikson
c) Scarr
d) Jensen
Answer: d Page: 63 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.4
2-76. Which “Big Five”
personality trait refers to the degree of emotional stability an individual
characteristically displays?
a) aggression
b) neuroticism
c) shyness
d) fear
Answer: b Page: 64 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-77. Which “Big Five” personality
trait refers to the degree to which a person seeks to be with others, to behave
in an outgoing manner, and generally to be sociable?
a) neuroticism
b) gregariousness
c) social
potency
d) extroversion
Answer: d Page: 64 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-78. Parents in the United States
are more likely to encourage higher _______ levels, while Asian parents are
more likely to encourage greater __________ levels.
a) passivity;
activity
b) neuroticism;
social potency
c) activity;
passivity
d) social
potency; neuroticism
Answer: c Page: 65 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-79. What trait reflects
the tendency to be a masterful, forceful leader who enjoys being the center of
attention, and has been found to be strongly associated with genetic factors?
a) neuroticism
b) social
potency
c) extroversion
d) traditionalism
Answer: b Page: 64-65 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-80. What trait reflects
the tendency to strictly endorse rules and authority, and has been found to be
strongly associated with genetic factors?
a) traditionalism
b) neuroticism
c) social
potency
d) extroversion
Answer: a Page: 64-65
Level: Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-81. The developmental
psychologist ________ speculated that the underlying temperament of a given
society, determined genetically, may predispose people in that society toward a
particular philosophy.
a) Erikson
b) Watson
c) Freud
d) Kagan
Answer: d Page: 66 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.4
2-82. Research indicates
that a monozygotic twin has almost a ____ risk of developing schizophrenia when
the other twin develops the disorder.
a) 25%
b) 100%
c) 50%
d) 10%
Answer: c Page: 67 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-83. Along with
schizophrenia, all of the psychological disorders below have been shown to be
related, at least in part, to genetic factors. Which of the following disorders
is least likely to have a genetic factor, according to the text?
a) depression
b) autism
c) attention deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
d) anxiety
Answer: d Page: 67 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-84. Which developmental
psychologist endorses the idea that genetic endowment provided to children by
their parents not only determines their genetic characteristics, but also
actively influences their environment?
a) Erikson
b) Scarr
c) Kagan
d) Skinner
Answer: b Page: 67 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.4
2-85. What is the process
by which a sperm and an ovum join to form a single new cell?
a) fertilization
b) sex
c) germinal
stage
d) prenatal
period
Answer: a Page: 69 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-86. Females are born with
around _______ ova located in the two ovaries.
a) 500,000
b) 100,000
c) 1,000,000
d) 400,000
Answer: d Page: 69 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-87. From puberty until
menopause, a female will ovulate about every ____ days.
a) 30
b) 28
c) 15
d) 60
Answer: b Page: 69 Level:
Easy LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-88. An adult male
typically produces several _____ sperm a day.
a) hundred
thousand
b) thousand
c) hundred
million
d) million
Answer: c Page: 69 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-89. Three days after
fertilization, the organism consists of some ___ cells, and by the next day the
number doubles.
a) 150
b) 32
c) 100
d) 64
Answer: b Page: 69 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-90. The first, and the
shortest, stage of the prenatal period is called the ______ stage.
a) fertilization
b) germinal
c) conception
d) embryonic
Answer: b Page: 69 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-91. During the germinal
stage, the fertilized egg is now called a(n) ___________ and travels toward the
uterus, where it becomes implanted in the uterus’s wall.
a) ovum
b) sperm
c) fetus
d) blastocyst
Answer: d Page: 69 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-92. A conduit between the
mother and fetus, this organ provides nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical
cord.
a) amniotic
sac
b) ectoderm
c) placenta
d) endoderm
Answer: c Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-93. What is the name of
the period from 2 to 8 weeks following fertilization during which significant
growth occurs in the major organs and body systems?
a) embryonic
stage
b) fetal stage
c) fetus stage
d) fertilization
stage
Answer: a Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-94. In the embryonic
stage, what is the term for the outer layer that will form skin, hair, teeth,
sense organs, the brain, and the spinal cord?
a) ectoderm
b) placenta
c) endoderm
d) mesoderm
Answer: a Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-95. In the embryonic
stage, what is the term for the inner layer that produces the digestive system,
liver, pancreas, and respiratory system?
a) ectoderm
b) placenta
c) endoderm
d) mesoderm
Answer: c Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-96. In the embryonic
stage, what is the term for the layer that forms the muscles, bones, blood, and
circulatory system?
a) mesoderm
b) ectoderm
c) endoderm
d) placenta
Answer: a Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-97. In the embryonic
stage, every part of the body is formed from ____ layers.
a) 5
b) 3
c) 8
d) 10
Answer: b Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-98. An 8-week-old embryo
is only ___ inch(es) long with what appears to be gills and a tail-like
structure, as well as rudimentary eyes, nose, lips, teeth, and stubby bulges that
will form into arms and legs.
a) 5
b) 2
c) 10
d) 1
Answer: d Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-99. In the embryonic
stage, the brain begins to undergo rapid development, which causes the head to
represent about ____ of the total length of the embryo.
a) 25%
b) 10%
c) 50%
d) 75%
Answer: c Page: 70 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-100. In the embryonic
stage, the nervous system begins to function around the ___ week, and weak
brain waves begin to be produced.
a) 2nd
b) 5th
c) 4th
d) 8th
Answer: b Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-101. It is not until the
final period of prenatal development, the _____ stage, that the developing
child becomes easily recognizable.
a) embryonic
b) germinal
c) fetal
d) birth
Answer: c Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-102. The _______ stage
formally starts when the differentiation of the major organs has occurred.
a) fetal
b) embryonic
c) germinal
d) birth
Answer: a Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-103. What is the stage
that begins at about 8 weeks after conception and continues until birth?
a) fertilization
stage
b) zygotic
stage
c) embryonic
stage
d) fetal stage
Answer: d Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-104. What is the term for
a developing child from 8 weeks after conception until birth?
a) embryo
b) baby
c) fetus
d) zygote
Answer: c Page: 70 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-105. In which stage of
development does the child undergo astoundingly rapid change, and increase some
20 times in size, including dramatic changes in proportion and weight?
a) embryonic
b) fetal
c) germinal
d) birth
Answer: b Page: 70-71 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-106. One of the
highlights of the _______ stage is the development of the major organs and
basic anatomy.
a) placenta
b) germinal
c) embryonic
d) fetal
Answer: c Page: 71 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-107. By ____ months of
age, the fetus swallows and urinates, arms and hands develop, and fingers
develop nails.
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 3
Answer: d Page: 71 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-108. The hormone
__________ is produced in ________, which some scientists speculate may lead to
differences in male and female brain structure, and later variations in
gender-related behavior(s).
a) serotonin;
males
b) serotonin;
females
c) androgen; males
d) androgen; females
Answer: c Page: 71 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-109. Infertility is the
inability to conceive after ________ months of trying to become pregnant.
a) 15 to 20
b) 12 to 20
c) 6 to 12
d) 12 to 18
Answer: d Page: 72 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-110. Research indicates
that some ____% of couples suffer from infertility.
a) 25
b) 10
c) 75
d) 15
Answer: d Page: 72 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-111. What is the term for
the procedure of fertilization in which a man’s sperm is placed directly into a
woman’s vagina by a physician?
a) in vitro
fertilization
b) intrafallopian
transfer
c) artificial
insemination
d) germinal
insemination
Answer: c Page: 72 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-112. What is the term for
the procedure in which a woman’s ova are removed from her ovaries, and a man’s
sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory?
a) in vitro
fertilization
b) intrafallopian
transfer
c) artificial
insemination
d) germinal
insemination
Answer: a Page: 72 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-113. Bebe has been
married for five years and wants to have a child. Her husband has a medical
condition which prohibits him from producing enough sperm cells. She will
attempt a procedure in which a fertilized egg will be implanted in her
fallopian tubes. The procedure is referred to as
a) artificial
insemination.
b) embryonic
implant.
c) fertilization.
d) zygote
intrafallopian transfer.
Answer: d Page: 72 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-114. In younger women,
the success rate for in vitro fertilization is as high as
a) 48%.
b) 67%.
c) 33%.
d) 21%.
Answer: a Page: 73 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-115. A spontaneous
abortion is also known as
a) infertility.
b) insemination.
c) fertility.
d) miscarriage.
Answer: d Page: 74 Level:
Easy LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-116. When a pregnancy
ends before the developing child is able to survive outside of the mother’s
womb, this is called
a) artificial
insemination.
b) spontaneous
abortion.
c) in vitro
fertilization.
d) surrogate
birth.
Answer: b Page: 74 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-117. Researchers believe
that some __________ of all pregnancies end in miscarriage, usually in the
first several months of pregnancy.
a) 10 to 25%
b) 25 to 50%
c) 50 to 65%
d) 15 to 20%
Answer: d Page: 74 Level:
Medium LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-118. What is the term for
a mother voluntarily terminating a pregnancy?
a) spontaneous
abortion
b) artificial
insemination
c) miscarriage
d) abortion
Answer: d Page: 74 Level:
Easy LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-119. What is the term for
an environmental factor that produces birth defects?
a) virus
b) drug
c) teratogen
d) chemical
Answer: c Page: 74 Level:
Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-120. It is the job of the
_______ to keep teratogens from reaching the fetus.
a) umbilical
cord
b) placenta
c) amniotic
fluid
d) prenatal
development
Answer: b Page: 74 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-121. Women who give birth
over the age of ___ are at a greater risk for a variety of pregnancy and birth
complications.
a) 50
b) 40
c) 30
d) 25
Answer: c Page: 76 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-122. Older mothers are
considerably more likely to give birth to children with
a) Tay-Sachs.
b) Down
syndrome.
c) Huntington ’s.
d) Charcot-Marie-Tooth.
Answer: b Page: 76 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-123. About ___________
babies born to mothers over 40 have ________.
a) 5 out of
10; Fragile X syndrome.
b) 1 out of 4;
Turner syndrome.
c) 6 out of
100; Tay-Sachs.
d) 1 out of
100; Down syndrome.
Answer: d Page: 76 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome:1.2
2-124. About _______ babies
born to mothers over 50 have ______.
a) 1 out of 4;
Down syndrome
b) 1 out of
10; Down syndrome
c) 1 out of 4;
Tay-Sachs
d) 1 out of
10; Tay-Sachs
Answer: a Page: 76 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-125. Women who become
pregnant during ________ are more likely to have premature deliveries.
a) menopause
b) mid-life
c) adolescence
d) illness
Answer: c Page: 76 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-126. The onset of ______
(German measles) in the mother prior to the 11th week of pregnancy
is likely to cause serious consequences including blindness, deafness, heart
defects, or brain damage in the baby.
a) pox
b) mumps
c) gonorrhea
d) rubella
Answer: d Page 76 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.4
2-127. What disease, when
contracted by a pregnant woman, increases the possibility that the fetus may
develop a birth defect?
a) AIDS
b) chicken pox
c) psoriasis
d) mumps
Answer: b Page: 76 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-128. What illness, when
contracted by a pregnant woman, increases the risk of miscarriage?
a) chicken pox
b) mumps
c) syphilis
d) AIDS
Answer: b Page: 76 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-129. What sexually transmitted
disease can be transmitted directly to the fetus, and will cause the fetus to be
born suffering from the disease?
a) chicken pox
b) rubella
c) sickle-cell
d) syphilis
Answer: d Page: 77 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-130. What sexually
transmitted disease can be communicated to the child as it passes through the
birth canal to be born?
a) gonorrhea
b) syphilis
c) AIDS
d) mumps
Answer: a Page: 77 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-131. What disease may be
passed on to the fetus from mothers who are merely carriers of the virus
through the blood that reaches the placenta?
a) mumps
b) syphilis
c) AIDS
d) gonorrhea
Answer: c Page: 77 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-132. If mothers who carry
the AIDS virus are treated with antiviral drugs such as AZT during pregnancy,
less than _____ of infants are born with AIDS.
a) 25%
b) 10%
c) 5%
d) 50%
Answer: c Page: 77 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-133. What was frequently
prescribed by physicians to pregnant women in the 1970s to prevent
miscarriages, but was later found to cause the daughters of the women who took
the medication to develop a rare form of vaginal or cervical cancer and to have
more difficult pregnancies?
a) thalidomide
b) AZT
c) DES
(diethylstilbestrol)
d) birth
control
Answer: c Page: 77 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-134. Diane has had
difficult pregnancies and also developed a rare form of cervical cancer.
Diane’s mother may have been prescribed ______ before Diane was born to prevent
miscarriage.
a) thalidomide
b) AZT
c) amphetamines
d) DES
(diethylstilbestrol)
Answer: d Page: 77 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-135. What prescriptions,
when taken by women before they were aware they were pregnant, could also cause
fetal damage?
a) birth
control
b) AZT
c) DES
(diethylstilbestrol)
d) thalidomide
Answer: a Page: 77 Level: Difficult
LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-136. What illegal drug,
when used during pregnancy, can restrict the oxygen that reaches the fetus and
lead to infants who are irritable, nervous, and easily disturbed?
a) cocaine
c) “crack”
d) amphetamines
Answer: b Page: 77 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-137. What illegal
substance, when used by pregnant women, led to an epidemic of thousands of
“crack babies”?
a) marijuana
b) amphetamines
c) cocaine
d) AZT
Answer: c Page: 77 Level:
Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-138. What illegal
substance, when used by pregnant women, produces an intense restriction of the
arteries causing a significant reduction in the flow of blood and oxygen to the
fetus, and increases the risks of fetal death and a number of birth defects and
disabilities?
a) cocaine
b) marijuana
c) AZT
d) amphetamines
Answer: a Page: 77 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-139. Children of mothers
who are addicted to _____ may be born addicted to the drug and may suffer
through the pain of withdrawal.
a) AZT
b) amphetamines
c) marijuana
d) cocaine
Answer: d Page: 77 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-140. What is the disorder
caused by the pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol
during pregnancy, potentially resulting in mental retardation and delayed
growth in the child?
a) “crack”
babies
b) autoimmune
deficiency
c) fetal
alcohol syndrome (FAS)
d) AIDS
(acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Answer: c Page: 78 Level:
Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-141. Marta is pregnant and consumes substantial quantities
of alcohol. She runs the risk of having a baby born with
a) fetal
alcohol syndrome (FAS).
b) autoimmune
deficiency.
c) Down
syndrome.
d) AIDS
(acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
Answer: a Page: 78 Level:
Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-142. Research indicates
that approximately __________ infants is born with fetal alcohol syndrome
(FAS).
a) 1 out of
750
b) 1 out of
500
c) 1 out of
1000
d) 1 out of
250
Answer: a Page: 78 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-143. Mothers who use
smaller amounts of alcohol during pregnancy place their children at risk of
a) fetal
alcohol syndrome (FAS).
b) autoimmune
deficiency.
c) fetal
alcohol effects (FAE).
d) AIDS.
Answer: c Page: 78 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-144. A child displays
some, although not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome due to the
mother’s consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. The child was born with
a) AIDS.
b) fetal
alcohol effects (FAE).
c) fetal
alcohol syndrome (FAS).
d) autoimmune
deficiency.
Answer: b Page: 78 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
2-145. Studies have found
that maternal consumption of an average of ___ alcoholic drink(s) a day during
pregnancy is associated with adverse effects on intelligence, psychological functioning,
and behavior in their children.
a) 1
b) 5
c) 2
d) 10
Answer: c Page: 78 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-146. __________ reduces
the oxygen content and increases the carbon monoxide of the mother’s blood.
This quickly reduces the oxygen available for the fetus. Further, the
respiration rate slows and speeds up its heart. Nicotine and toxins appear in
the blood.
a) Fetal
alcohol syndrome
b) Smoking
cigarettes
c) AIDS
d) Using
cocaine
Answer: b Page: 78 Level:
Medium LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-147. Pregnant women who
______ are _____ times more likely to have babies that are shorter with an
abnormally low birth weight.
a) drink; 5
b) smoke; 5
c) smoke; 2
d) drink; 2
Answer: c Page: 78 Level:
Difficult LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
ESSAY QUESTIONS
2-148. Briefly explain the
contribution of the woman’s ovum and the man’s sperm in determining the sex of
the offspring.
Answer: When the ovum and
sperm meet at fertilization, the ovum provides that X chromosome, while the
sperm provides either the X or the Y chromosome. If the sperm contributes its X
chromosome, the child will have an XX pairing and the offspring will be a girl.
If the sperm contributes its Y chromosome, the child will have an XY pairing
and the offspring will be a boy.
Page: 48 Level: Medium LO:
2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-149. Briefly explain the
inherited disorder called phenylketonuria (PKU).
Answer: PKU is an inherited
disorder in which a child is unable to make use of phenylalanine, an essential
amino acid present in proteins found in milk and other foods. If left untreated,
PKO allows phenylalanine to build to toxic levels causing brain damage and
mental retardation.
Pages: 49 Level: Medium LO:
2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-150. Explain what is
meant when researchers say that the role of genetics is to produce a tendency
toward a future course of development.
Answer: When or whether a
behavioral characteristic will actually be displayed depends on the nature of
the environment in which the person is raised or lives.
Pages: 67 Level: Medium LO:
2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-151. Briefly explain how
reproductive technologies are becoming increasingly sophisticated, permitting
parents to choose the sex of the baby.
Answer: One technique is to
separate sperm carrying the X and Y chromosome and later implanting the desired
type into the woman’s uterus. In another technique, eggs are removed from a
woman and fertilized with sperm using in vitro fertilization. Three days after
fertilization, the embryos are tested to determine their sex. If they are the
desired gender, they are implanted into the mother.
Page: 73 Level: Difficult LO:
2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-152. Briefly explain how
the father’s behavior may influence prenatal development.
Answer: Fathers should
avoid smoking because second-hand smoke may affect the mother’s health, and in
turn, this affects the unborn child. Fathers’ smoking has been linked to lower
birth weight in babies. A father’s use of alcohol and drugs may impair sperm
and may lead to chromosomal damage that may affect the fetus at conception. Use
of alcohol and drugs, as well as physical and/or emotional abuse, may increase
stress in the mother’s, and therefore the unborn child’s, environment. The
father’s exposure to environmental toxins such as lead or mercury may cause
toxins to bind to sperm and cause birth defects.
Pages: 79 Level: Difficult LO:
2-6 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 3.1
TRUE/FALSE
2-153. It is clear that the
father’s sperm does not determine the sex of the child.
Answer: False Page: 48 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-154. In the mid-1800s,
the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel produced a series of simple experiments of
cross-pollination of pea plants.
Answer: True Page: 48-49 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-155. Mendel’s pea plant
experiments established the existence of dominant and recessive traits.
Answer: True Page: 49 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-156. Even though a
child’s parents both have the recessive gene for phenylketonuria, the child
only has a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder.
Answer: True Pages: 50
Level: Difficult LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-157. Relatively few
traits are governed by a single pair of genes. Most traits are the result of
polygenic inheritance.
Answer: True Page: 50 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-158. Genes vary in terms
of their reaction range, which is the potential degree of variation in the
actual expression of a trait due to environmental conditions. APA Outcome: 1.2
Answer: True Page: 50 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual
2-159. The blood disorder
hemophilia is an example of a disease that is produced by X-linked genes.
Answer: True Page: 50
Level: Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-160. The field of
behavioral genetics specializes in the consequences of heredity on behavior.
Answer: True Page: 51 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 4.1
2-161. The human gene
sequence number is thought to be 25,000; thus, humans have many more genes than
other far less complex organisms.
Answer: False Page: 51 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-162. Scientists have
discovered that 99.9% of the gene sequence is shared by all humans.
Answer: True Page: 51 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-163. The field of
behavioral genetics studies psychological disorders such as depression,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia.
Answer: True Page: 51 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-164. Sometimes genes, for
no known reason, spontaneously change their form, which is a process called
spontaneous mutation.
Answer: True Page: 52 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-165. If a disorder has
genetic roots, it means that there were no environmental factors that played a
role in the manifestation of the disease.
Answer: False Page: 53 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-166. Genetic counselors
are trained to use a variety of data to help people deal with issues related to
inherited disorders due to such reasons as the age of the mother and father.
Answer: True Page: 54 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 4.2
2-167. The newest role of
genetic counselors involves testing people to identify whether they are
susceptible to future disorders because of inherited genetic abnormalities.
Answer: True Page: 55 Level:
Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 4.2
2-168. Genetic testing does
not raise difficult practical and ethical questions.
Answer: False Page: 55
Level: Easy LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-169. Genetic testing can
always provide a simple yes or no answer as to whether an individual will be
susceptible to a disorder.
Answer: False Page: 57 Level:
Medium LO: 2-1 & 2-2 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 4.2
2-170. As developmental
research accumulates, it is becoming apparent that to view behavior as due to
either genetic or environmental factors is inappropriate.
Answer: True Page: 58 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-171. Research on pregnant
women who were severely malnourished during famines during World War II found
that their children were, on average, unaffected physically or intellectually
as adults.
Answer: True Page: 59 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 2.3
2-172. If people eat a diet
rich in health foods, it is possible for them to grow beyond their genetically
imposed limitations in height.
Answer: False Page: 59 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-173. It is the unique
interaction of inherited and environmental factors that determines people’s
patterns of development.
Answer: True Page: 59 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-174. One drawback to
using nonhumans as research subjects is that we cannot be sure how well the
obtained findings can be generalized to people.
Answer: True Page: 60 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-175. The data from
studies of identical twins raised in different environments are always without
bias.
Answer: False Page: 61 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-176. By comparing
behavior within pairs of dizygotic twins (fraternal twins) with that of pairs
of monozygotic twins (identical twins), researchers can determine if
monozygotic twins are more similar on a particular trait, on average, than
dizygotic twins.
Answer: True Pages: 61
Level: Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-177. The general
conclusion among researchers is that virtually all traits, characteristics, and
behaviors are the joint result of the combination and interaction of nature and
nurture.
Answer: True Page: 62 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-178. Obesity does not
have a strong genetic component.
Answer: False Page: 62 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-179. Physical
characteristics such as blood pressure, respiration rates, and longevity are
not strongly influenced by genetics.
Answer: False Page: 62 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 1.2
2-180. A person’s
intelligence is the result of some combination of natural mental ability and
environmental opportunity.
Answer: True Pages: 62-64 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-181. Intelligence is a
central human characteristic that differentiates humans from other species, and
genetics plays a significant role in intelligence.
Answer: True Pages: 62-64 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-182. The IQ scores of
dizygotic twins become increasingly similar over the course of time.
Answer: False Pages: 63
Level: Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-183. Developmental
psychologist Sandra Scarr suggests that society should be asking what can be
done to maximize the intellectual potential of every individual.
Answer: True Page: 64 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-184. Humans possess a
novelty-seeking gene that affects the production of the brain chemical
dopamine, which makes some people more prone to seek out novel situations and
to take risks.
Answer: True Page: 64 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-185. Researchers believe
that political attitudes, religious interests, values, and attitudes toward
human sexuality do not have genetic components.
Answer: False Page: 64 Level:
Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Applied APA Outcome: 2.3
2-186. Schizophrenia is a
mental disorder that runs in families, with some families showing a significantly
higher incidence than other families.
Answer: True Page: 65 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-187. Inherited genetic
factors, environmental influences, structural abnormalities, and chemical
imbalances are all factors that contribute to a person developing
schizophrenia.
Answer: True Pages: 65-67
Level: Medium LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-188. The researcher
Jerome Kagan suggests that Chinese children enter the world temperamentally
calmer, and therefore Buddhist philosophical notions of serenity are more in
tune with their natural inclinations.
Answer: True Page: 66
Level: Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Conceptual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-189. A genetically-driven
temperament of a child may also evoke environmental influences. For example, a
child who learns songs easily and sings frequently around the house may prompt
a parent to give the child music lessons.
Answer: True Page: 67 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.3
2-190. Human
characteristics and behavior are a joint outcome of genetic and environmental
factors.
Answer: True Page: 68 Level:
Easy LO: 2-3 & 2-4 Type: Factual APA Outcome:1.2
2-191. The brain becomes
sophisticated during the fetal state, and the neurons become coated with an
insulating material called myelin that helps speed the transmission of messages
from the brain to the rest of the body.
Answer: True Pages: 71
Level: Easy LO: 2-5 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-192. A mother’s use of
illegal drugs, but not legal drugs, poses serious risks to the unborn child.
Answer: False Page: 77 Level:
Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 3.1
2-193. Increasing evidence
suggests that ingestion of even small amounts of alcohol and nicotine by a
pregnant mother can disrupt the development of the fetus.
Answer: True Pages: 78
Level: Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
2-194. Research indicates
that fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is now the primary preventable cause of
mental retardation.
Answer: True Page: 78 Level:
Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 2.3
2-195. A father’s use of
alcohol and illegal drugs has no significant effect upon the development of the
fetus.
Answer: False Pages: 79
Level: Easy LO: 2-6 Type: Factual APA Outcome: 1.2
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