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Chapter 10 Application Development

1. ​The process of designing and constructing software translates users’ information-processing needs into CPU instructions that, when executed, address these needs. a.  True b.  False

2. User needs are stated in general or abstract terms in basic computer language. a.  True b.  False

3. Software has surpassed hardware to become the most costly component of most information systems. a.  True b.  False

4. Reduced productivity, dissatisfied customers, and poor managerial decisions are just a few indirect costs of software that doesn’t address users’ needs completely or correctly. a.  True b.  False

5. Class models and other types of diagrams document user and system requirements. a.  True b.  False

6. UP design models include package diagrams, interaction diagrams, and deployment diagrams. a.  True b.  False

7. Unlike 2GL programs, 3GL programs must be translated into binary CPU instructions before the program is executed. a.  True b.  False

8. A 5GL program contains nonprocedural rules that mimic the rules people use to solve problems. a.  True b.  False

9. C++ was the first commercial OOP language. a.  True b.  False

10. With scripting languages, programmers can assemble application software rapidly by “gluing” together the capabilities of many other programs. a.  True b.  False

11. Compiler output is called source code. a.  True b.  False

12. A CPU BRANCH instruction requires two operands, one containing the address of another instruction and one containing the address of the previous instruction. a.  True b.  False

13. Source and object code files are compiled and linked as a whole. a.  True b.  False

14. The main advantage of compilation over interpretation is that it offers the flexibility to incorporate new or updated code into an application program. a.  True b.  False

15. The main disadvantage of compiling and linking compared with interpretation is increased memory and CPU requirements during program execution. a.  True b.  False

16. A symbolic debugger uses the symbol table, memory map, and source code files to trace memory addresses to specific source code statements and variables. a.  True b.  False

17. Java bytecode programs usually run 10 times faster than native applications. a.  True b.  False

18. Programming languages, program translation tools, and debugging tools address only the implementation discipline of the Unified Process. a.  True b.  False

19. Debugging and tracing cannot be done on machine code or OS service calls. a.  True b.  False

20. The most comprehensive CASE tools automate the process of deploying working systems from analysis and design models. a.  True b.  False

21. ​____ are integrated collections of models, tools, techniques, and processes. a.  Software models​ b.  ​Development strategies c.  ​Development tools d.  ​Development methodologies

22. ____ models provide the detail needed to develop a system that meets users’ needs. a.  System planning b.  System requirements c.  System development d.  System design

23. ____ perform design activities to create models that produce an architectural blueprint for system implementation. a.  System developers b.  System architects c.  System managers d.  System engineers

24. ____ specify detailed blueprints for software component construction and the interaction between software components and users. a.  Layout models b.  Interaction models c.  Design models d.  Data models

25. Program instructions are sometimes called ____. a.  bytes b.  bits c.  languages d.  code

26. Binary CPU instructions, called ____, are the earliest programming languages. a.  base-generation languages b.  first-generation languages c.  third-generation languages d.  fourth-generation languages

27. Today, the term ____ is often used to describe a mnemonic representing a data item’s memory address. a.  constant b.  instruction c.  literal d.  variable

28. The one-to-many (1:N) relationship between later-generation programming statements and the CPU actions implementing them is called ____. a.  instruction explosion b.  instruction expansion c.  mnemonic explosion d.  instruction compression

29. A ____ uses mnemonics to represent instructions, variables, and labels and has a degree of instruction explosion higher than 1:1. a.  next-generation language b.  next-generation language c.  third-generation language d.  fifth-generation language

30. A ____ is a nonprocedural language suitable for developing software that mimics human intelligence. a.  fifth-generation language b.  fourth-generation language c.  third-generation language d.  second-generation language

31. A ____ is a request to execute a specific method and return a response. a.  conduit b.  message c.  path d.  function

32. A(n) ____ enables programmers to develop applications that do most of their work by calling other applications and system software. a.  compiled language b.  interpreted language c.  functional language d.  scripting language

33. ____ programming languages guarantee program portability between other OSs and application programs. a.  Standard b.  Interpreted c.  Scripted d.  Proprietary

34. A ____ defines the name and data type of program variables. a.  function declaration b.  class declaration c.  data declaration d.  method declaration

35. A ____ is any instruction, such as an assignment statement or a computation that updates or computes a data value. a.  data function b.  data operation c.  data declaration d.  control structure

36. A ____ is a source code instruction that controls the execution of other source code instructions. a.  data declaration b.  control structure c.  data operation d.  function call

37. A(n) ____ is a placeholder for missing executable code. a.  external function call b.  internal function call c.  function header d.  reference function call

38. A(n) ____ searches an object code file for external function calls. a.  compiler b.  parser c.  link editor d.  interpreter

39. ____ linking is performed during program loading or execution. a.  Dynamic b.  Static c.  Early d.  Objective

40. A(n) ____ reads a single source code instruction, translates it into CPU instructions or a DLL call, and executes the instructions or DLL call immediately, before the next program statement is read. a.  compiler b.  interpreter c.  parser d.  link editor

41. A program’s ____ version omits the symbol table and debugging checkpoints to reduce program size and increase execution speed. a.  production b.  debug c.  developer d.  reference

42. ____ is an OOP language and program execution environment developed by Sun Microsystems during the early and mid-1990s. a.  C++ b.  Visual Basic c.  Java d.  C#

43. A Java compiler or interpreter translates Java source code into machine instructions and service routine calls for a hypothetical computer and OS called the ____. a.  Java Intermediate Machine b.  Java Internal Machine c.  Java Virtual Medium d.  Java Virtual Machine

44. A Java ____ runs inside another program, such as a Web browser, and performs functions such as accepting user input and displaying forms and images. a.  application b.  applet c.  servlet d.  bean

45. ____ are those compiled and linked for a particular CPU and OS. a.  Compiled applications b.  Interpreted applications c.  Native applications d.  Intermediate applications

46. A(n) ____ is a collection of automated support tools to speed development and testing. a.  integrated development environment b.  linker c.  graphical development environment d.  system development environment

47. The term ____ tool usually refers to a tool that supports the UP requirements and design disciplines. a.  computer-generated software development b.  computer-assisted software development c.  computer-assisted system engineering d.  computer-assisted software engineering

48. A tool suite that primarily supports model development is sometimes called a ____ tool. a.  front-end CASE b.  back-end CASE c.  mid-tier CASE d.  late-bound CASE

49. A tool suite that primarily supports application development based on specific analysis and design models is sometimes called a(n) ____ tool. a.  early-bound CASE b.  front-end CASE c.  back-end CASE d.  mid-tier CASE

50. ____ tools generate program and other source code from models, compile and link the programs, create databases, and create, register, and install all components. a.  CAD b.  CASE c.  CADE d.  CASD

51. ​____________________ are detailed, precise statements of formal logic written as sequences of CPU instructions.

52. Developers attempt to minimize errors by using proven development ____________________.

53. The person who writes code is called a(n) ____________________.

54. A second-generation language (2GL) is more commonly known as a(n) ____________________ language.

55. The term ____________________ is used to describe a mnemonic representing a program instruction’s memory address.

56. ​A(n) ____________________ is a program that translates an assembly-language program into binary CPU instructions.

57. ​SQL is a(n) ____________________ language because it describes a processing requirement without specifying a procedure for satisfying the requirement.

58. In OOP, objects contain data and programs or procedures, called ____________________, that manipulate the data.

59. ____________________ code is stored in a file, such as an .exe file in Windows, and contains CPU instructions that are ready for an OS to load and execute.

60. A compiler keeps an internal table, called a(n) ____________________, to keep track of data names, types, and assigned memory addresses.

61. A(n) ____________________ instruction transfers control to the first instruction in a  function.

62. ​A(n) ____________________ is a file containing related executable functions and an index of the library contents.

63. A(n) ____________________ lists the memory location of every function and program variable, and a programmer can use it to trace error messages containing memory addresses to corresponding program statements and variables.

64. A(n) ____________________ is an automated tool for testing executable programs.

65. An executable program containing symbol table entries and debugging checkpoints is sometimes called a(n) ____________________ version.

66. Instructions and library calls to the JVM are called Java “____________________.”

67. A Java ____________________ runs in a Web server and performs functions such as calculations, database access, and creation of Web pages that are transmitted to a Web browser for display.

68. A(n) ____________________ provides extensive security controls to prevent programs from accessing unauthorized resources or damaging the hardware, OS, or file system.

69. ____________________ assist programmers in writing syntactically correct code by verifying syntax as the code is being typed and highlighting errors.

70. With ____________________, programmers can reuse source and executable code, thus speeding up application development.

71. ​Why were fourth-generation languages developed?

72. What does a programming language define?

73. ​List two capabilities of a symbolic debugger.

74. What are factors have caused Java’s popularity to far exceed most initial expectations?

75. List three components that an integrated development environment generally includes.

76. Why has changed as a result of hardware cost declining over time as a proportion of total system costs?