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APTER 01 What Shaped Our
World?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A person born in Europe during the early
1900s and surviving into adulthood experienced which of the following?
|
a.
|
The formation of colonial empires.
|
|
b.
|
The end of the United Nations.
|
|
c.
|
Large-scale war between great powers.
|
|
d.
|
A period of collapsing democracy.
|
|
e.
|
A period of rapid economic growth.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Remembering
2. The world as a meaningful political and
economic unit emerged:
|
a.
|
when the Roman Republic first became
the Roman Empire.
|
|
b.
|
with the first successful unification
of China.
|
|
c.
|
sometime after 1500.
|
|
d.
|
during the Cold War between the United
States and the Soviet Union.
|
|
e.
|
after the collapse of the Soviet
Union.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Remembering
3. Which of the following is NOT an example of
mercantilism?
|
a.
|
The Spanish monarchy’s control of the
gold and silver mines in Latin American colonies.
|
|
b.
|
The Dutch East India Company.
|
|
c.
|
European countries preferring to
import only input goods and not finished products.
|
|
d.
|
Virginian tobacco farmers selling
their product to England.
|
|
e.
|
Britain’s repeal of the Corn Laws.
|
ANS: E DIF: Difficult
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Applying
4. Under mercantilism, a country wishing to
expand would best start by:
|
a.
|
forming a common market, or
mercantile, among countries in the region.
|
|
b.
|
encouraging its colonial territories
to produce finished products.
|
|
c.
|
withdrawing its diplomats from its
adversaries’ capitals.
|
|
d.
|
building up its military power.
|
|
e.
|
creating equitable terms of trade with
its economic rivals.
|
ANS: D DIF: Difficult
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Understanding
5. Terms of trade refer to the:
|
a.
|
economic demands made by empires on
their colonies.
|
|
b.
|
contracts written up between importers
and exporters to eliminate misunderstandings between trading partners.
|
|
c.
|
level of difficulty of transporting
goods between different countries.
|
|
d.
|
vocabulary used by importers and
exporters.
|
|
e.
|
prices paid by a country for imports
and what it receives for exports.
|
ANS: E DIF: Easy
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Remembering
6. Mercantilist policies in Britain’s American
colonies:
|
a.
|
created costs that were paid for
primarily by French and Spanish merchants.
|
|
b.
|
cost much more per American than the
benefits they received from Britain.
|
|
c.
|
cost Americans much less than the
benefits they received from the British.
|
|
d.
|
created costs that were evenly shared
by all colonists.
|
|
e.
|
were a relatively small burden per
person, about equal to benefits received.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Remembering
7. Which of the following is the best example of
a hegemon?
|
a.
|
Germany after World War I.
|
d.
|
Great Britain in the 1800s.
|
|
b.
|
The United States during the Cold War.
|
e.
|
China in the modern era.
|
|
c.
|
France during the Thirty Years’ War.
|
||
ANS: D DIF: Difficult
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Applying
8. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648:
|
a.
|
established British hegemony.
|
|
b.
|
marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
|
|
c.
|
marked the beginning of the modern
system of states.
|
|
d.
|
promoted the Industrial Revolution.
|
|
e.
|
created equitable terms of trade.
|
ANS: C DIF: Easy
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Remembering
9. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 did NOT:
|
a.
|
stabilize the borders of participants
in the Thirty Years’ War.
|
|
b.
|
attempt to resolve any of the
religious conflicts between states.
|
|
c.
|
call on states not to interfere in the
internal affairs of other countries.
|
|
d.
|
establish sovereignty of states.
|
|
e.
|
create the first international
organization.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Remembering
10. The sixteenth through eighteenth centuries were characterized by:
|
a.
|
European states trying to overpower
and outmaneuver each other.
|
|
b.
|
the dominance of one major European
power that kept the peace.
|
|
c.
|
economic decline as colonial empires
slowly ended.
|
|
d.
|
the rise of non-European powers
through colonialism.
|
|
e.
|
liberalization of trading policies
among European and African states.
|
ANS: A DIF: Moderate
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Applying
11. The great European powers cooperated more and fought less during
the nineteenth century, in part because of:
|
a.
|
the invention of new weapons that made
war more costly.
|
|
b.
|
international institutions that
prevented wars from occurring.
|
|
c.
|
the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
|
|
d.
|
the unification of Germany.
|
|
e.
|
increasingly free trade between
countries.
|
ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Applying
12. During the nineteenth century, the Great Powers of Europe had a
common interest in:
|
a.
|
opposing revolutionary movements
throughout Europe.
|
|
b.
|
allowing Russia to conquer neighboring
parts of the declining Ottoman Empire.
|
|
c.
|
promoting democracy throughout Europe.
|
|
d.
|
continuing their own mercantilist
practices.
|
|
e.
|
opposing absolutist monarchies
throughout Europe.
|
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Applying
13. When European colonialism began in the sixteenth century:
|
a.
|
the largest cities in the world were
mostly found in Europe.
|
|
b.
|
political and religious interests
pushed Europeans to colonize.
|
|
c.
|
European technology was centuries
ahead of anywhere else in the world.
|
|
d.
|
Europeans thought of Asia as being
filled with powerful rivals.
|
|
e.
|
economic activity in the rest of the
world was stagnant.
|
ANS: B DIF: Difficult
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Understanding
14. Which of these countries had global hegemonic influence in the
nineteenth century?
|
a.
|
Japan.
|
d.
|
France.
|
|
b.
|
Great Britain.
|
e.
|
Spain.
|
|
c.
|
The United States.
|
||
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Remembering
15. A major change in the balance of power within nineteenth-century
Europe was spurred by the:
|
a.
|
unification and growth of Germany.
|
|
b.
|
unification of China.
|
|
c.
|
rise of the Ottoman Empire.
|
|
d.
|
decline of the American empire.
|
|
e.
|
withdrawal of England from active
intervention in European politics.
|
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Understanding
16. In the nineteenth century, England promoted international economic
stability by:
|
a.
|
building up its army, rather than its
navy.
|
|
b.
|
withdrawing from active intervention
in world politics.
|
|
c.
|
refusing to repeal the Corn Laws.
|
|
d.
|
going off the gold standard
frequently.
|
|
e.
|
leading the world in promoting free
trade.
|
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Remembering
17. Why did the adoption of the gold standard facilitate global trade?
|
a.
|
Gold was easier to mine than previous
standard metals.
|
|
b.
|
The International Monetary Fund pushed
for the adoption of the gold standard.
|
|
c.
|
It suited the interests of Great
Britain, as it controlled most of the gold mines.
|
|
d.
|
It created a predictable way to
exchange international currencies.
|
|
e.
|
Few countries had existing trade
barriers against gold.
|
ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Understanding
18. All of the following led to increasingly globalized world trade in
the nineteenth century EXCEPT the:
|
a.
|
use of steamships.
|
d.
|
invention of the telegraph.
|
|
b.
|
growth of railroads.
|
e.
|
adoption of the gold standard.
|
|
c.
|
creation of new colonies in Africa.
|
||
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Applying
19. A country “on” the gold standard:
|
a.
|
could print as much paper money as it
needed.
|
|
b.
|
used only gold to make purchases.
|
|
c.
|
used only gold coins.
|
|
d.
|
promised to exchange its currency for
gold at an established rate.
|
|
e.
|
had its loans from other countries
guaranteed by gold.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Understanding
20. What did NOT increase under Pax Britannica?
|
a.
|
Investment.
|
|
b.
|
Immigration.
|
|
c.
|
International trade.
|
|
d.
|
The capacity for communication.
|
|
e.
|
European wars.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Remembering
21. Which of the following statements regarding colonialism is FALSE?
|
a.
|
Colonial expansion by European
countries renewed significantly after 1870.
|
|
b.
|
Nationalist sentiment within European
countries encouraged colonialism.
|
|
c.
|
European countries had colonized most
parts of Africa by 1770.
|
|
d.
|
Europeans’ desire for more markets and
resources contributed to the rush for colonies.
|
|
e.
|
Rising major powers such as Germany
and Japan sparked competition for colonies.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Remembering
22. By the early twentieth century, the balance of power between major
countries was most affected
by the:
|
a.
|
continued isolation of Japan.
|
|
b.
|
rise of the Austro-Hungarian empire.
|
|
c.
|
rise of the Ottoman Empire.
|
|
d.
|
persistent isolation of the United
States.
|
|
e.
|
unification of Germany.
|
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: The Pax Britannica
MSC: Understanding
23. After World War I:
|
a.
|
the German economy rebounded
relatively quickly.
|
|
b.
|
the United Nations was abolished after
failing to prevent war.
|
|
c.
|
the League of Nations was created to
avoid another war.
|
|
d.
|
few new countries became independent.
|
|
e.
|
the Austrian and Ottoman empires
survived until the next war.
|
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Thirty Years’ Crisis
MSC: Remembering
24. A consequence of World War I was:
|
a.
|
the consolidation of European empires.
|
|
b.
|
rapid decolonization of areas of the
British and French empires.
|
|
c.
|
deflation in the largest European
economies.
|
|
d.
|
a successful communist revolution in
Russia.
|
|
e.
|
decreasing support for right-wing
groups in Italy.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Thirty Years’ Crisis
MSC: Remembering
25. With regard to the “war debts-reparations tangle”:
|
a.
|
France and England stopped insisting
that Germany repay its loans.
|
|
b.
|
France and England insisted that the
United States repay loans made before World War I.
|
|
c.
|
the United States stopped insisting
that France and England repay loans made during World War I.
|
|
d.
|
the United States insisted that the
French and Germans repay loans made during World War I.
|
|
e.
|
Germany had no difficulty paying the
reparations to which it agreed at the conclusion of World War I.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Thirty Years’ Crisis
MSC: Remembering
26. One feature of the Treaty of Versailles that directly led to the
outbreak of World War II was:
|
a.
|
guarantees of freedom of the seas.
|
d.
|
war reparations.
|
|
b.
|
the creation of the League of Nations.
|
e.
|
the creation of the United Nations.
|
|
c.
|
limiting the German military.
|
||
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Thirty Years’ Crisis
MSC: Understanding
27. How did the Great Depression help lead to the outbreak of World
War II?
|
a.
|
It caused France to invade Germany
after the Germans failed to pay back their war reparations.
|
|
b.
|
It led to the rise of extreme
right-wing, nationalistic governments in several key European nations.
|
|
c.
|
It caused a major spike in the price
of oil, a resource that was fiercely contested between America, Germany,
Japan, and the United Kingdom.
|
|
d.
|
It caused many countries to stop
funding the League of Nations, crippling the organization tasked with keeping
the peace.
|
|
e.
|
It prevented nations such as the United
States and the United Kingdom from investing in more troops.
|
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: The Thirty Years’ Crisis
MSC: Understanding
28. After World War II, the United States and Western Europe:
|
a.
|
increased tariffs and other forms of
protection.
|
|
b.
|
sought to create a single, common
market between the two regions.
|
|
c.
|
sought to increase their security
through the Warsaw Pact.
|
|
d.
|
rejected calls to return to a gold
standard-based currency system.
|
|
e.
|
collaborated in implementing the
Bretton Woods System.
|
ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
29. Which of the following is NOT an explanation for the commencement
of the Cold War?
|
a.
|
The United Nations was viewed as a
pro-American organization, so the Soviets refused to cooperate with it.
|
|
b.
|
Since there were only two superpowers,
it was inevitable that they would compete for influence in Europe.
|
|
c.
|
Disagreements were inevitable between
a capitalist democracy and a communist one-party system.
|
|
d.
|
Interactions between the United States
and the Soviet Union became hostile and suspicious.
|
|
e.
|
Each viewed the other as a threat to
its allies in Europe.
|
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Cold War
MSC: Understanding
30. As the Cold War began, the United States opposed Soviet influence
by all of the following ways EXCEPT:
|
a.
|
creating regional security alliances.
|
|
b.
|
providing economic aid to Western
Europe.
|
|
c.
|
helping Japan and Germany rebuild
their economies.
|
|
d.
|
promoting free trade among Western
countries.
|
|
e.
|
providing military aid to countries in
Eastern Europe.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Applying
31. The United States and its allies created international
institutions at the end of World War II:
|
a.
|
because World War II had ended
inconclusively.
|
|
b.
|
in response to institutions created by
the Soviet Union.
|
|
c.
|
in order to create a stable free-trade
economic system.
|
|
d.
|
to increase control over their
colonies.
|
|
e.
|
because international institutions had
been effective before the war.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Understanding
32. The Bretton Woods System sought to reduce barriers and taxes on
goods exchanged between countries with the:
|
a.
|
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade.
|
|
b.
|
International Monetary Fund.
|
|
c.
|
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development.
|
|
d.
|
Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance.
|
|
e.
|
Marshall Plan.
|
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
33. Which organization was created to facilitate private investment in
developing nations in the 1950s and 1960s?
|
a.
|
General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade.
|
|
b.
|
International Monetary Fund.
|
|
c.
|
International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development.
|
|
d.
|
Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance.
|
|
e.
|
Marshall Plan.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
34. Which of the following institutions is a member of the Bretton
Woods System?
|
a.
|
European Union.
|
|
b.
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
|
|
c.
|
United Nations.
|
|
d.
|
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries.
|
|
e.
|
International Monetary Fund.
|
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
35. Which of the following statements about nuclear weapons is true?
|
a.
|
The Soviet Union initially had more
nuclear weapons than the United States.
|
|
b.
|
Nuclear weapons were ultimately
unimportant in the Cold War competition between the Soviet Union and United
States.
|
|
c.
|
There was never a real possibility
that the United States or the Soviet Union would use their nuclear weapons.
|
|
d.
|
The Soviet Union did not have enough
nuclear weapons to attack the United States or its allies.
|
|
e.
|
The United States’ and the Soviet
Union’s nuclear capabilities effectively prevented each from attacking the
other.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Understanding
36. In the decades after World War II, the Soviet Union did all of the
following EXCEPT:
|
a.
|
create a military alliance with
countries in Eastern Europe.
|
|
b.
|
promote economic cooperation between
its own allies.
|
|
c.
|
establish military cooperation with
China.
|
|
d.
|
oppose the independence of colonies in
the developing world.
|
|
e.
|
compete with the United States for
allies in the developing world.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
37. Why did the United States fight “proxy wars” during the Cold War?
|
a.
|
Since it did not have the nuclear
weapons necessary to launch a direct attack on the Soviet Union, the United
States attacked Soviet allies instead.
|
|
b.
|
The conflict in Vietnam proved the
effectiveness of indirect attacks on Soviet allies.
|
|
c.
|
The United States thought fighting
wars “by proxy” would be cheaper.
|
|
d.
|
The United States hoped it could
surprise the Soviet Union by not directly attacking it.
|
|
e.
|
The United States feared a devastating
war if it directly attacked the Soviet Union.
|
ANS: E DIF: Difficult REF: The Cold War
MSC: Understanding
38. Which of the following statements about United States intervention
during the Cold War is true?
|
a.
|
The United States refused to intervene
in democratic countries.
|
|
b.
|
The United States used military and
intelligence services to undermine only governments under the direct control
of the Soviet Union.
|
|
c.
|
The United States used military and
intelligence services to prevent countries from electing governments
sympathetic to the Soviet Union.
|
|
d.
|
The United States rarely intervened in
civil conflicts outside its own borders, because it respected the sovereignty
of other countries.
|
|
e.
|
The United States rarely used military
and intelligence services in Asia, because it feared retaliation from the
Soviet Union.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Applying
39. Which of the following statements about Soviet intervention during
the Cold War is true?
|
a.
|
The Soviet Union rarely intervened in
civil conflicts outside its own borders, because it was focused on winning
the nuclear arms race.
|
|
b.
|
The Soviet Union refused to send its
military to intervene in European countries such as Hungary and
Czechoslovakia, because it feared retaliation from the United States.
|
|
c.
|
The Soviet Union intervened only in
countries with socialist or Marxist governments, since they were already
Soviet allies.
|
|
d.
|
The Soviet Union rarely intervened in
the developing world, because it thought poor countries were likely to become
communist without Soviet help.
|
|
e.
|
The Soviet Union sent arms and
advisers to many developing countries in hopes of helping sympathetic groups
seize power.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Applying
40. The Soviet Union used its military power to preserve or extend its
influence in all of the following cases EXCEPT:
|
a.
|
Hungary in 1956.
|
d.
|
Afghanistan in 1979.
|
|
b.
|
Great Britain in 1971.
|
e.
|
Vietnam in 1965.
|
|
c.
|
Czechoslovakia in 1968.
|
||
ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
41. Which of the following factors did NOT encourage decolonization?
|
a.
|
The major powers began to implement
favorable trade and investment policies that led to economic development in
their colonies.
|
|
b.
|
American businesses hoped they would
have more access to markets in developing countries.
|
|
c.
|
Nationalist movements became stronger.
|
|
d.
|
Since the Soviet Union was known to be
anticolonial, Americans feared colonialism would push African and Asian
independence movements toward the Soviets.
|
|
e.
|
World War II weakened the European
colonial powers.
|
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Cold War
MSC: Understanding
42. Developing countries created the nonaligned movement during the
Cold War because they:
|
a.
|
opposed communist expansion in the
Third World.
|
|
b.
|
wanted to create closer ties with the
Soviet Union.
|
|
c.
|
wanted to create closer ties with the
United States.
|
|
d.
|
wanted to promote international
economic development.
|
|
e.
|
wanted to build upon their previous
successes in embargoing industrial goods.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Understanding
43. During the Cold War, developing countries:
|
a.
|
were more concerned about the spread
of communism than the gap in wealth between industrialized and developing
countries.
|
|
b.
|
sought to separate themselves from the
competition between the United States and the Soviet Union.
|
|
c.
|
refused to join the United Nations
because it was seen as a tool of the United States and the Soviet Union.
|
|
d.
|
were often effective at improving the
terms of trade between industrialized and developing countries.
|
|
e.
|
created effective cartels like the
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries for other raw materials, such
as copper and bananas.
|
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Applying
44. In the 1970s, some developing economies with certain natural
resources managed to gain some power over more industrialized economies through
the work of which organization?
|
a.
|
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries.
|
|
b.
|
International Monetary Fund.
|
|
c.
|
World Bank.
|
|
d.
|
World Trade Organization.
|
|
e.
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
|
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Cold War
MSC: Remembering
45. Which of the following would be an example of détente between the
United States and the Soviet Union?
|
a.
|
The Soviet Union creates the Warsaw
Pact.
|
|
b.
|
The Soviet Union puts missiles in
Cuba.
|
|
c.
|
The Soviet Union blocks access to
Berlin.
|
|
d.
|
The United States agrees to limit its
military weapons.
|
|
e.
|
The United States sends troops to
Vietnam.
|
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Applying
46. The end of the Cold War was preceded by which event in the 1980s?
|
a.
|
Decreased military spending by the
United States.
|
|
b.
|
Increased Soviet repression in Eastern
Europe.
|
|
c.
|
Increased Soviet troops in Vietnam.
|
|
d.
|
Policies of greater openness and
economic reconstruction in the Soviet Union.
|
|
e.
|
Economic recovery in the Soviet Union.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
47. Which of the following is an example of a free-trade area?
|
a.
|
World Trade Organization.
|
|
b.
|
European Union.
|
|
c.
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
|
|
d.
|
African Union.
|
|
e.
|
Warsaw Pact.
|
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Applying
48. Why did some countries after World War II form what would become
the European Union?
|
a.
|
To fend off intervention by the United
States in Europe.
|
|
b.
|
To improve relations with the Soviet
Union.
|
|
c.
|
To increase tariffs on goods entering
Europe.
|
|
d.
|
To increase trade and improve economic
cooperation within Europe.
|
|
e.
|
To increase trade between European
countries and their former colonies.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Understanding
49. The European Union:
|
a.
|
began in the 1950s, with collaboration
on coal and steel production between a few countries.
|
|
b.
|
began in the 1960s, with a military
alliance between France, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
|
|
c.
|
opted to allow most members to keep
their traditional currencies, such as the French franc.
|
|
d.
|
raised barriers to impede the internal
movement of labor among the member nations.
|
|
e.
|
included all European countries by the
end of the 1990s.
|
ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Applying
50. Which of the following statements about Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
in 1990 is true?
|
a.
|
The United States acted unilaterally
when responding to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.
|
|
b.
|
The 1991 war against Iraq revealed the
ineffectiveness of the United Nations in coordinating military responses to
violations of international law.
|
|
c.
|
Iraqi forces were expelled from Kuwait
by forces from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
|
|
d.
|
A large coalition of countries led by
the United States invaded Iraq to end its occupation of Kuwait.
|
|
e.
|
A large coalition of countries under
the auspices of the United Nations expelled Iraqi forces from Kuwait.
|
ANS: E DIF: Moderate REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
51. Which statement best describes China and Vietnam in the early
1980s?
|
a.
|
Both countries strengthened their
communist economic systems.
|
|
b.
|
Both countries abandoned one-party
rule.
|
|
c.
|
Both countries adopted capitalist
economic reforms.
|
|
d.
|
China adopted capitalist economic
reforms, but Vietnam did not.
|
|
e.
|
Vietnam maintained its one-party
system, but China did not.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
52. In the 1990s, the United Nations:
|
a.
|
sent troops to Rwanda to mediate an
end to a civil war in that country.
|
|
b.
|
launched air strikes against Bosnian
Serbian forces in the former Yugoslavia.
|
|
c.
|
prevented the massacre of 8,000
Bosnian boys and men in the Srebrenica “safe area.”
|
|
d.
|
opposed the use of force against Iraq
after that country invaded Kuwait.
|
|
e.
|
supported the use of force against
Iraq to ensure that country stopped producing weapons of mass destruction.
|
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Age of Globalization
MSC: Remembering
53. According to the authors, the two predominant realities of
international affairs in the modern era are:
|
a.
|
tension in the Middle East and the
rise of terrorism.
|
|
b.
|
America’s leading role and the rise of
terrorism.
|
|
c.
|
America’s leading role and
globalization.
|
|
d.
|
Chinese resurgence and globalization.
|
|
e.
|
Chinese resurgence and tension in the
Middle East.
|
ANS: C DIF: Moderate REF: What Will Shape Our World in the Future?
MSC: Remembering
54. The biggest crisis between Russia and the West since the end of
the Cold War occurred in 2014 over which country?
|
a.
|
Georgia.
|
d.
|
Ukraine.
|
|
b.
|
Belarus.
|
e.
|
Azerbaijan.
|
|
c.
|
Romania.
|
||
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: What Will Shape Our World in the Future?
MSC: Remembering
55. Which of the following is the best example of the challenges to
globalization in the modern world?
|
a.
|
Arab Spring uprisings lead to
uncertain results in Middle Eastern and North African countries.
|
|
b.
|
Developing economies push for reforms
in the United Nations General Assembly.
|
|
c.
|
The value of currencies fluctuate now
that there is no more gold standard.
|
|
d.
|
China and Russia refuse to fully open
their borders to international trade.
|
|
e.
|
The United States brings trade dispute
cases to the World Trade Organization.
|
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: What Will Shape Our World in the Future?
MSC: Applying
56. Which organization, formed in 1920, was the precursor to the
United Nations?
|
a.
|
Concert of Europe.
|
d.
|
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
|
|
b.
|
International Monetary Fund.
|
e.
|
Warsaw Pact.
|
|
c.
|
League of Nations.
|
||
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: The Thirty Years’ Crisis
MSC: Remembering
ESSAY
1. States’ interests affect how they interact
with one another. Explain how states’ interests in the nineteenth century led
to less conflict between major powers in Europe.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Pax Britannica MSC: Understanding
2. What were the major assumptions behind
mercantilism? Why did mercantilism give way to globalization and free trade?
Whose interests were most served by the change?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Emergence of
International Relations: The Mercantilist Era
MSC: Analyzing
3. Why did major-power interests and
interactions result in a peaceful nineteenth century but a conflict-ridden
twentieth century?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Pax Britannica |
The Thirty Years’ Crisis | The Cold War
MSC: Analyzing
4. World War I was supposed to be “the war to
end all wars,” yet another catastrophic war occurred only two decades later.
Explain how the League of Nations and major-power interests failed to prevent
World War II.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Thirty Years’
Crisis MSC: Understanding
5. How did the economic, political, and military
interests of the major powers evolve over the course of the twentieth century?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Thirty Years’
Crisis | The Cold War MSC: Analyzing
6. The victors in World War II created
international institutions at the conclusion of the war to promote their own
interests and to prevent future wars. Explain why they created these
institutions, and how the institutions have affected the interaction of major
countries during the Cold War.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Cold War MSC: Analyzing
7. The end of the Cold War presented new
possibilities for the role of institutions such as the United Nations. How did
the United Nations prevent conflict and promote cooperation after the Cold War
ended?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Age of
Globalization MSC: Understanding
8. How did the United States and its allies
interact with the Soviet Union and its allies? Give an example of a hostile
situation between the two blocs as well as one situation where cooperation
prevailed.
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Cold War MSC: Analyzing
9. Will United States predominance continue for
the next 50 years? Why or why not? What challenges does the United States face
in the short term?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: What Will Shape Our
World in the Future? MSC: Evaluating
10. How have international affairs changed in the years since the end
of the Cold War? Which developments do you believe to be the most important and
why?
ANS:
Answer will vary.
REF: The Age of
Globalization | What Will Shape Our World in the Future?
MSC: Evaluating
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